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And in his role here as a mute, as an infant, Christ is serving, I think, an important function for Milton.
作为一个哑巴，一个婴儿，基督对，弥尔顿起了很重要的作用。
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This is one respectable theory, but the alternative is they have the right knowledge, but they suffer from problems with inhibition.
这是一个被广泛接受的理论,但另一种观点则认为,婴儿拥有恰当的知识,只不过是他们无法解决抑制的问题
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It was illegal--it's still illegal in France to name a baby a name that is not officially approved, absolutely--or even to adopt one.
给婴儿取一个没有被官方认可的名字,是违法的,至今仍是如此,完全不被允许,领养也不行
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One bedroom wasn't good enough anymore, they wanted--you don't want the baby in the same room with you; you want to have two bedrooms.
一个卧室再已无法让人满足了,你不会想和婴儿住同一个房间,你想要两个卧室
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You take a nine-month-old and for Piaget a nine-month-old is just starting to make sense of objects and their permanence.
你找到一个九个月大的婴儿,在皮亚杰看来,九个月大的婴儿才刚刚发展出,客体以及客体永存性的概念
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You take an object and you put it here in a cup where the kid can't see it, but it's in the cup.
你将物体放到这里的一个杯子中,婴儿看不见这个物体,但这个物体是在杯子之中的
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if I say I don't like baby killers, that actually is a moral judgment in my case.
如果我说我不喜欢婴儿杀手，这就是一个道德判断了。
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Piaget's example would be a baby who's used to sucking on a breast might come to suck on a bottle or on a rattle.
皮亚杰举例说,一个习惯吸吮乳房的婴儿,可能会去吸吮奶瓶或是拨浪鼓
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And this is one of them where they compare babies looking at this versus this.
这是其中的一个研究,心理学家们在比较,婴儿对这两张照片的注视情况
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Well, you could show the baby a green patch, a green patch, a green patch, a green patch; the baby'll get bored, then a red patch.
你可以向婴儿呈现一个绿色色块,将这个绿色色块不停的重复呈现,婴儿便会感到厌倦,然后呈现一个红色色块
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You show the baby, say a six-month-old, a stage with a block on it.
将一个木块放在平台上,然后让一个六个月大的婴儿来观看
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Well, you could put a baby down, have a picture of a dog here, a picture of a cat here, and see which one the baby looks at.
你可以抱来一个婴儿,在这里呈现一张狗的照片,在这里呈现一张猫的照片,然后观察婴儿会看哪一张照片
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So, they're sitting down and they're seeing a movie where one character's going to help a ball achieve a goal, and another character's going to hinder the ball.
所以婴儿们坐着看影片,影片讲述一个人极力进球,而另一个人要极力阻挠
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Well, for instance, you could build machines that when babies suck on a pacifier they hear music or they hear language, and then you could look at how much they suck on the pacifier to determine what they like.
举例来说,你可以制造一个机器,每当婴儿吮吸奶嘴,他们就会听到音乐或是话语,然后你可通过观察婴儿有多喜欢吮吸奶嘴,来确定他们喜欢音乐还是话语
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And Piaget's claim was one reason why they're surprised at peek-a-boo is you go-- you look at a kid, the kid's smiling and go, "Oh, peek-a-boo," and you close--and you cover your face and the kid says, "He's gone."
皮亚杰认为,他们对捉迷藏感到惊奇的一个原因便是,你凭空消失了,你看着婴儿,婴儿会对你笑,然后你和他玩捉迷藏,"躲猫猫",你用双手遮住了你的脸,婴儿会以为,"他不见了"
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There was a famous case in the 1970s or '80s, there was a family called Trognon, and a trognon is a cigarette butt, and when they tried to adopt a baby, it would be called, let's say Jean-Philippe Trognon, they said,"oh,no, that baby would be damaged by having such a last name; you don't have the right to adopt this baby."
在上世纪七八十年代有一个出名的案例中,这家人姓特鲁侬,意思是香烟屁股,他们想要领养一个婴儿,取名为,简·菲利佩·特鲁侬,法国人说,不不,取这样一个名字有损于这个婴儿,你们不能领养这个孩子
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So one very simple study by Spelke and Baillargeon: Have babies shown a block with a bar going back and forth like that.
斯皮克和巴亚热昂做了一个简单的研究,向婴儿呈现一个木块,木块中间有一个能够来回移动的木杆,就像这个样子
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And that's what my judgment about "no killing babies" makes it a moral judgment.
这就是为什么我说,“不许杀婴儿”是一个道德判断。
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And I have up here--This is a picture of Elizabeth Spelke, who is a developmental psychologist who's developed the most research on looking at babies' looking times and what you could learn from them.
这里是一张伊丽莎白·斯皮克的照片,她是一个发展心理学家,在婴儿注视次数,及其意义方面研究颇多
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