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"The timeline that we've talked about is actually,in a sense that, if I were to use the surge in Iraq, look where we are right now, sort of apply the same kind of timeline to Afghanistan, as best we can tell, and we think that's reasonable, in terms of having the impact, and then being able to thin our forces out and bring them back".
VOA: standard.2009.11.04
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And, of course, there's this-- another acoustical phenomenon here we've talked about before, what's the relationship within an octave?
当然,就是这个,我们以前谈论过的,另一种声学现象,八度的内部联系是什么呢
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We've talked about one the main concepts in physiology being homeostasis, that is 'how do you maintain a constant internal environment?
我们讲到了生理学的主要概念,内稳态,即如何维持内环境的稳定
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"There are a host of efficiencies that can be gained without increasing our personnel or our budget, but rather decreasing the amount of money that's spent on unnecessary things in order to fund some of the critical initiatives that we've all talked about,"
VOA: standard.2009.04.20
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We've talked about data, we've talked about operations, and we've talked about commands or statements. All right?
我们学习过操作，我们还学习过,命令或者说是声明了，对不对？
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How do these ideas or how does this material jive with other aspects of Israelite religion that we've talked about so far?
这些观点或内容,是怎么和我们到目前所讲到的,以色列宗教的其他方面相应和的？
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I've talked to some of our students who have taken jobs at investment banks and sometimes I think they're probably too demanding.
我曾经和一些,工作在投行的学生谈过话,有时我觉得他们太苛刻了。
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Because it's hard when you go back being part of any group. Once you are in that group, and away from other people, it's very hard to remember We've talked that -Oh, have you?
因为如果你回到原来的群体中,就会变得难了，因为你只要一呆在那个群体中，远离其他人，就很难,我们聊过这个，-是吗？
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So don't come away thinking that whatever it is that we've talked about here in lecture is the last word on the subject.
所不要脱离的思考不论是什么,我们在课上所讨论的是这门课的关键。
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And so far when reviewing the developmental data we've talked about two of them: physics and people.
到目前为止,当我们回顾发展的数据时,我们讨论了其中的两个主题,物理学和人类
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We've talked about Mozart before and we're going to go on now to talk about Mozart's Requiem.
之前我们已经谈论过莫扎特了,我们现在还要继续,说说莫扎特的《安魂曲》
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Now, we've talked about the imagination.
我们讲完了想象力。
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Now, I've talked to you essentially about the economic aspect of this phenomenon and I'd like to turn next-- give me a second here I just want to find out where I am in this.
至此我已经基本上给大家,讲完了这一现象的经济意义,接下来,让我想想,我们该讲什么了
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We've talked about getting lucky, finding a naturally occurring attenuated live vaccine as in the case of smallpox.
我们谈到过,在天花病案中,我们发现自然弱化的活性疫苗,是多么的幸运
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And we've talked about a lot of ways we do that.
最重要的一件事就是我们。
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We've talked about the interesting way in which the digestive system contacts the external environment.
我们会讲到,消化系统与外环境之间十分有趣的联系
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.. So, we are setting up our-- you have already gotten email and you've talked about setting up your review sessions-- so I have a few more minutes here.
现在我们要建立我们的-,你们都已经收到邮件了吧,你们都知道需要安排一下复习的时间-,然后我这里还剩下几分钟。
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Obviously,we've talked about it again and again and again.
显然这个问题我们已经讨论过很多遍了。
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So, we've talked about those.
我们已经讲过那些了。
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Now, I've talked about laughter on two separate occasions and on each of the occasions when I talked in front of a large group like this somebody came up to me afterwards and said, "But I can."
我之前也有两次提到过笑,第一次,当我在这么一大群人面前讲完后,都会有人上来跟我说，“我可以”
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We've talked about killing a virus by cross-linking it, for example, to make a substance that looks like a vaccine-- looks like a virus but can't replicate.
例如,我们谈论过,通过蛋白交联来杀死病毒,以便制造出一种类似疫苗,应该是类似病毒但却无法进行复制的物质
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One theme that we've talked about in this course is corporate democracy.
我们在课程中曾经讨论过的一个主题是,企业民主。
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We've talked about one class of molecules, they're transporters that move molecules from inside to outside, or outside to in, that wouldn't ordinarily be transported through a cell membrane.
我们已经讲过一类这样的分子,它们是能够将分子从胞内运至胞外的载体,或者从胞外运至胞内,这个过程不是简单地穿过细胞膜
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Okay. We've talked a little bit about pitch here.
好的,我们讨论了一些有关音高的话题
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Yes. -You've talked about this.
是，-你们聊过了。
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This will be the first real example where we've talked about the physiology of an organ system together with engineering approaches to modulate that organ, and that will continue throughout the semester.
届时我们将第一次真正地把,器官系统生理学,与调节器官功能的工程学方法结合起来,这方面内容将贯串我们整个学期
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Example, protein hormones are insulin which we've talked about before and glucagon, and growth hormone which we haven't talked about but that's very important during periods of life like adolescence, when rapid growth of your bones is occurring.
例如,我们以前讲过的胰岛素,还有胰高血糖素都是蛋白质激素,生长激素也是,尽管我们还没有讲过它,但它在人的青春期阶段,起着非常重要的作用,骨骼在此时期快速生长
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This is one aspect of Biomedical Engineering, developing tools that allow you to understand how human's function and what's wrong when they have disease and so some of the things we've talked about have that category.
这是生物医学工程研究的一个方向,即设计那些能够让人们了解,人体的运转方式的工具,以及能够诊断疾病的工具,我们刚才讲过的一些东西就属于这类
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The assignment for the next class is to do Problem 2 of Chapter 1, which I've repeated right here, and that's to think beyond what I've talked about in terms of what is Biomedical Engineering.
下次课的预习任务是做第一章课后习题二,我在这里重复一下,除了我已经说过的东西之外,去想一下什么是生物医学工程
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And one of the cases that I've talked about probably be the most controversial is where babies were born with severe problems that not gonna be compatible with what the parents and doctors judge to be a reasonable quality of life.
我所讲过的例子中,下面这个可能是最具争议的,有些婴儿一出生就有严重的生理问题,他们无法如他们的,父母和医生所愿,用有正常的生活质量。
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