To put it mildly, the group of friends I've had over the years and ran around together with, it was originally seven of us and the healthcare system in the United States has killed us all but two,".
VOA: standard.2009.06.13
We've talked about the interesting way in which the digestive system contacts the external environment.
我们会讲到,消化系统与外环境之间十分有趣的联系
And that's also how people find ways to break the second law, because somehow they've messed up on what their system is.
这就说明了某些人是如何想到办法,“打破“第二定律的,因为他们以各种方式搞错了,他们的系统的定义。
It says finally it came to place, according to this concocted system, and I've underlined in red, very many undiscovered members.
它说,最终它会找的位置的,根据这个调和的系统,我标了红色的下划线,有很多未被发现的成分。
It's a biological system that you've engineered from taking cells from one organism and cloning them and developing a whole other organism.
所谓生物系统的工程化,就是从一种生物体内中取出细胞并克隆,将它们培养成为另一个有机整体
What we've seen is a testing of the system -that we have regulatory requirements, that banks have enough capital -but this regulation is challenging because it's being stressed right now.
我们列举的这些案例都是对银行体系的考验,我们需要加强监管,以确保银行有充足的资本,但监管确实是一项艰巨的任务,因为现在面对的压力更大了
They've tended to view the elaborate and carefully constructed texts of P as part of a system whose meaning derives from the larger cultural matrix or grid in which those materials are embedded.
他们注意观察P中十分详尽和仔细构造的内容,这个内容属于某个系统的一部分,源自一个更大的文化母体或网络,所有的这些材料内容都包含在里面。
And if you've ever heard the word driver software that you install in your computer so that your computer, your operating system, Windows or Mac OS, knows how to talk to that piece of hardware, it's that driver software that then empowers the operating systems to send those commands as well, up, the data is laid out on the disk.
并且如果你听说过安装到,电脑中的驱动软件这个词的话,你的操作系统,比如Windows或者是苹果操作系统,通过这个驱动软件我们的电脑,才能知道如何与这个硬件进行通信,正是因为这个驱动软件,操作系统才能根据数据,左右移动的指令来读取磁盘里的数据。
OK, any questions? All right, so we've described the system with these properties.
好,有没有问题?,好的,我们已经用这些性质描述了系统,这些性质。
And they've included too much or too little in the system, and it looks to them that the second law is broken and they've created more energy than is being brought in.
他们在系统中,包含了过多或过少的物质,从而在他们看来,第二定律貌似是被打破了,他们创造了比最初引入的更多的能量。
You could imagine that you've got virus that's propagating inside your cells, making more and more virus, your immune system really responds well to that.
你可以想象,病毒在你的体细胞内繁殖,数量越来越多,你的免疫系统对此反应非常之强烈
w we have the environment doing work on the system OK, now we've assumed that epsilon prime is greater than epsilon.
大于零,that,is,in,this,one,在这里环境对系统做功,好,现在我们假设,ε’比ε大。
What they're really doing is just we're facing this seize up of our financial system so we have banks that we've just seen the failure of Bear Stearns which is actually a broker-dealer.
他们真正在做的只是,我们正处于金融体系失灵的阶段,所以我们有这种银行,我们刚刚目睹了经纪自营商,贝尔斯登的失败。
It's a little bit of a digression, but one of the things that I've witnessed over the past twenty years is that the leakage of the -the leakage from the system in terms of the returns that go to the owners of capital -leakage has increased enormously.
讲一点稍稍离题的内容,我发现,过去的二十年中,这种损耗,这种减损资本所有者收益所得的,系统性损耗,有相当巨大的增长
In other words, you've got your system in some state.
换句话说,这时你让你的系统处于某个态。
In other words, we need criteria for equilibrium under more general conditions than the ones that we've dealt with so far, than the one set of conditions that we've dealt with so far, which is isolated system.
换句话说,相比我们目前为止,考虑和处理的问题,我们需要更一般条件下平衡的判据,我们目前,只考虑了孤立系统。
You've got to place the boundary at exactly the right place, otherwise you've got a bit too much in your system or a bit too little.
你要把边界,设置在正确的位置上,否则你的系统就会要么多出一部分,要么少一部分。
So, now that we've got a system, we've got to describe it.
我们现在有了一个系统,我们要去描述它,’
So you've got the system. it could be a person.
比如说,系统可以是一个人。
This will be the first real example where we've talked about the physiology of an organ system together with engineering approaches to modulate that organ, and that will continue throughout the semester.
届时我们将第一次真正地把,器官系统生理学,与调节器官功能的工程学方法结合起来,这方面内容将贯串我们整个学期
You're going to have to know when you describe the system, if your system is homogeneous, like your coffee with milk in it, or heterogeneous like water with an ice cube in it So heterogeneous means that you've got different phases in your system.
你要知道,当你描述一个系统时,你的系统是均匀的呢,像掺了牛奶的咖啡,那样还是非均匀的,像放了冰块的水,非均匀系统就是说,在你的系统中有不同的相存在。
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