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One important factor affecting the water quality is the area's temperature and rainfall, and Hunt's model is set up for the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
VOA: standard.2010.08.04
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And the path that I'm describing then, let's assume that we're raising the temperature up is this path right here.
经过一个，等压过程,路径就是这样。
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Yet, the temperature goes up. So, I can have a temperature change which is an adiabatic temperature change.
它与外界不会，有物质或者能量的流动,然而系统的温度升高了。
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You measure your temperature is a little up, you've got a fever, something's wrong, I better find out what that is' because temperature is a very highly controlled variable.
你测出体温偏高是,你就发烧了,身体哪里出问题了,我最好把问题找出来,因为体温是一个严格控制的身体指标
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so I'm heating up the system in this path here, and then to connect the 2 endpoints here, a constant temperature path.
需要再用，一个等温过程，这两个状态。
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And that will end up winning out at basically any realistic temperature where the stuff really is a gas.
在体系仍然处于气体状态的温度下,熵战胜了能量。
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And the temperature scale that turns out to be well-defined and ends up giving us the concept of an absolute zero is the ideal gas thermometer.
比如理想气体温标,它有精确的定义,并能引出绝对零度的概念,今天我们就先来谈谈它。
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So this is going to end up at T2 a different temperature, we'll call it T2.
这个的末态有不同的温度,我们叫它。
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You're running, you're shaking a beaker up here at room temperature.
你跑步，震动烧杯，这都是在恒定温度和压强的情况下的过程。
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I won't end up at the same temperature.
但不结束在相同的温度。
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And on the other side of that temperature you end up heating if you compress.
而在另一边的温度上,压缩气体将导致升温。
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We use a liquid helium. And so in order to make a liquid helium, you can't take helium at room temperature and do this, because if you did, you would just heat it up, because the room temperature is above the inversion temperature, so Joule-Thomson would heat up the helium.
为了得到液氦,不能再常温,做这个实验,否则就是加热氦气，因为室温高于它的转变温度,所以焦耳-汤姆孙，实验会加热氦气。
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That's common sense. This is part of your DNA, And then their final product is an object, a b which ends up at a temperature or a warmness which is in between the hot and the cold.
这是常识，是你的一部分，它们的最终产物是一个物体，其温度或温暖程度,介于热与,冷之间。
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Does the temperature go up?
温度上升了吗？
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This is going to end up at a different temperature by the way. You saw this last time in a slightly different way. Last time what you saw is we compared isothermal and adiabatic paths that ended up at the same final pressure, and what you saw is that therefore they ended up in different final volumes.
末态温度是不一样的,上次你们看到的,和这个有一点不一样,上次我们比较的是末态压强,相等的等温过程和绝热过程,因此它们的末态,体积是不一样的。
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Let's say we start from some V1 and p1 here, so high pressure, small volume and we end up with a high volume low pressure, under constant temperature condition.
例如我们要从压强比较高，体积比较小V1，p1出发,到达低压强，大体积的末态，过程中温度不变。
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You're changing the pressure, and the temperature is going up.
你改变了压力，导致温度升高，偏T偏p是正数，偏T偏p是正数。
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Or I could have a non-adiabatic, I could take the same temperature change, by taking a flame, or a heat source and heating up my substance. So, clearly q is going to depend on the path.
也能改变温度，绝热指的是没有热传递，在非绝热条件下，也同样可以升温,比如用火或者热源加热，这样，q也应当与路径有关。
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When they separate, the primers that you've added automatically bind through the process of hybridization, and then you turn up the temperature to the optimum for Taq polymerase and DNA synthesis starts.
当双链解旋后,加入的引物就会在杂交的步骤中自动,和解旋后的DNA结合,然后你再将温度升高至,Taq酶的最适温度,DNA就开始合成了
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So in this experiment here, delta p is less than zero. You need to have this whole thing greater than zero. So delta T is less than zero as well. So if you're below the inversion temperature and you do the Joule-Thomson experiment, you're going to end up with something that's colder on this side than that side.
所以在这个实验中，Δp小于零,这全部都大于零,因此ΔT也小于零,所以如果在低于转变,温度的情况下做焦耳-汤姆孙实验,最后的结果是,这边的温度比这边低。
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