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It can be spelled y-o-g-u-r-t or y-o-g-h-u-r-t.
VOA: special.2009.01.19
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Now, before, of course, in the first part of the class u we started out looking at u H and then looking at H not as functions of S and V or S and p, but as functions of temperature, mostly.
现在，在本课的前一部分,我们首先讨论了,然后讨论了,这两个量并未写成S和V或者S和p的函数，而是写成了温度的函数。
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And now we're almost done, except what we H really want is delta H and not delta U, right.
我们差不多已经完成了,除了我们实际上想要的是Δ
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The agreement to be signed Thursday replaces the START-1 treaty, which U.S.President George H.W.Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev signed in 1991.
VOA: standard.2010.04.04
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And the bigger lesson from that is that entropy, unlike energy u or enthalpy H, we could define an absolutely number for it.
热力学第三定律的一个更重要的推论是,与内能和自由焓不同，我们可以给上定义一个绝对的数值。
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H.K.Suh from the group Korean Americans for Peace said he believes a drawdown of U.S.troops everywhere, including on the dividing line between the two Koreas, would be beneficial to the United States.
VOA: standard.2010.03.20
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Now, you know with constant volume, H now it's not going to be delta H that's U straightforward to measure, it's going to be dealt u, all right.
好，现在你们知道在体积恒定的条件下，我们得到的不是Δ,我们直接测量到的是Δ,好，但这基本上也是一样的。
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Delta u, delta H, familiar state functions, q w changes in their values, q, w, heat and work.
U，△H，很熟悉的态函数，它们的值在变化；
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So, I just want to write a few examples down with a few values for delta u or delta H or delta S, and see whether we can get any clues from what we see.
我先写一些例子,例子包含一些内能，自由焓和熵的变化数值，然后看从中,我们能不能得到一些启示。
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Do we calculate, you know, delta S, delta u, delta H?
是否要计算熵的变化，内能的变化，自由焓的变化？
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And that in the case of constant volume, U in this case that's my delta u, and then I'll H add my little delta n term to get delta H.
这是在等体情形下，此时的到的是Δ,然后我可以加上Δn的项来得到Δ
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OK, delta H is delta of u plus pV. By definition that's how we define enthalpy up here.
好，ΔH=Δ,根据定义，这就是我们。
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Where the Gibbs free energy, TS u plus pV minus TS is H minus TS.
吉布斯自由能等于，内能u加上pV减去TS，也是自由焓H减去。
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Therefore, from experiments, u is only a function of temperature for an ideal gas, H and therefore from these experiments, 0 we come out with delta H dH/dp is equal to zero.
因此，从实验可以得出,对于理想气体u只是温度的态函数，因此从这些实验中我们得到Δ,偏H偏p等于。
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H Now, let's go back to our older friends u and H.
回到我们的老朋友u和。
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So here are results for pathway A, right, for delta u zero delta H zero. I didn't actually explicitly write it or did I?
这是路径A的结果，△U是零,△H是零，我没有明确地写出来,是吧？让我们把它再写一遍？
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H=qp The u plus p V. Delta H is equal to q V.
括号里面的就是H，等于u+pv，Δ
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pV So our H is u plus pV, as you know.
我们的自由焓H等于内能u加上。
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Let's look at those quantities. u and H.
然后看u和H这两个物理量。
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du But here you've got pressure constant. du, T this is du, not H here. du/dT is only equal Cv to Cv when the volume is constant, not when the pressure is constant.
这里是压强横笛，du，这是，不是H，偏U偏,只在体积恒定时等于，而不是压强恒定时。
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And it's more dramatic if the system is a gas p T2 V2 p, T2, V2, And let's look at what happens to U these functions of state, to H to u under this transformation.
如果是气体这个系统,就更具有趣了,让我们看看H和，在这个变化中态函数会发生什么变化。
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In some sense, that's one reason to associate this as a kind of energy, H just like mechanical energy u or enthalpy H, it's the minimum free energy state that is the equilibrium state under the relevant conditions.
在某种意义下，这是我们把这些物理量称为能量的原因，就像机械能U和自由焓，具有最小自由能的状态在特定的条件下,就是平衡态。
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