Breathing in two hundred parts per million of carbon monoxide will cause the first signs of poisoning.

VOA: special.2011.01.25

So in addition to having these two carbon bonds, we actually also have four carbon hydrogen bonds in addition to our carbon-carbon bonds.

在这碳碳之间的键以外，我们还有四个碳氢键,除了我们的碳碳键外。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So let's take the case of acetylene where we have two carbon atoms that are going to be triple bonded to each other, each are bonded to a carbon and then to one hydrogen.

让我们来看一看乙炔的例子,我们有两个碳原子,成三键，每个碳和一个碳一个氢相连。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

This will happen within two hours of breathing in this amount of carbon monoxide.

VOA: special.2010.02.02

If we think about bringing in those last two carbons, what you can see is that for every carbon, two of its hybrid orbitals are being used to bond to other carbons.

如果我们考虑引入最后两个碳原子，你会看到的是对于每个碳原子，其中的两个杂化轨道,和另外的碳原子成键。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

If we have, coming along this z axis, another carbon atom, we can actually form one bond between the two carbon atoms there.

如果我们在z方向，有另外一个碳原子，我们可以在,两个碳原子之间形成一个键。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, if we think about this z bonding axis between the two carbon atoms, we can picture overlap of those s p hybrid orbitals, and then we can also picture bonding to hydrogen.

如果我们考虑,两个碳原子之间的z成键轴，我们可以画出sp杂化轨道的交叠，我们也可以画出和氢原子的成键。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, in order to fill our octet, what we do is put two on the nitrogen and two on the carbon.

因此，为了填满我们的“八隅体“,我们需要将两个放到氮上，将另外两个放到碳上。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So in terms of thinking about ethane, we actually have two bond types that we're going to be describing just in terms of the carbon-carbon bond and then the carbon h bonds.

对于乙烷，我们有两种键,我们继续讨论一下,碳碳键,和碳氢键。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

sigma2sp It's going to be a sigma bond. So, we have sigma 2 s p, carbon 2 s p. So they're two s p bonds combining.

是sigma键，我们有，碳2sp。，所以它们是两个sp键结合。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

sigma So we'll call this sigma, and it's between two s p 2 hybrid carbon atoms.

我们可以叫它，它在两个sp2杂化碳原子之间。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And if we hybridize these orbitals in carbon, what we end up with is having two hybrid orbitals, and then we're going to be left with two of our p orbitals that are each going to have an electron associated in them.

如果我们杂化碳原子里这些轨道，我们能得到两个杂化轨道，另外剩下两个p轨道,每个里面有一个电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

OK PROFESSOR: two? OK, 2 so we have 2, 4, 6 minus 2, 2 so we have 1/2 of 6 minus 2, so that's 1/2 half 4, so we have a bonding order of two for carbon 2.

教授：两个？,我们有2，4，6减去，所以我们有1/2的6减去，所以是4的一半，所以C2的键序为2。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And again, this is between the p orbitals, these are not hybrid orbitals, so when we name this bond we're going to name it as a pi bond here, because it's between two p orbitals, and it's going to be between the carbon 2 p y orbital, and the other carbon 2 p y orbital.

同样，这是在p轨道之间的，它们不是杂化轨道，所以当我们命名这个键时,我们要命名它为π键，因为它在两个p轨道之间，而且是在碳2py轨道，和另一个碳2py轨道之间。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So if we take our carbon atom here, which has two electrons in the 2 s orbital, and we promote one of these electrons into a 2 p orbital, what we see now is that yes, we do, we have four unpaired electrons.

这是碳原子，2s轨道里有两个电子，我们把一个电子激发到2p轨道里，我们看到现在，是的，我们有4个未配对电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选