When you buy high and sell low it's really hard to generate returns, even if you do it with great enthusiasm and great volume.

当你高价买入低价卖出时,是很难产生回报的,不管你有多大交易热情或有多大交易量

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

So there's not a lot of room in the government bond market or other high-quality bond markets to generate excess returns.

所以对于政府债券或者优质债券,超额收益的空间不大

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

Or are you going to manage each individual asset class actively, trying to beat the market and generate risk-adjusted excess returns?

还是积极管理每项资产,力求获得市场水平以上的回报率,以及风险调整后的超额收益

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

If an asset class has constituents that are efficiently priced, then it's very hard to generate excess returns.

如果某种资产的构成都是有效定价的,那么就很难产生超额回报

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

As a matter of fact,if things were perfectly efficiently priced, there wouldn't be any opportunity to generate excess returns and if you make active bets--if you make bets against the market -then whether you win or lose has to do with luck.

事实上,如果资产都是有效定价的,那么根本不可能获得任何超额收益,如果你主动一搏,要从市场中获利,那么无论得失都只能靠运气了

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选