So when we talk about a cohort study, this means taking a group of people and following them over time.

所以当我们提到定群研究,就意味着,有一群人参加实验并需一直追踪下去

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

A cohort study means you take the same group of people and follow them every five years for that period of time.

定群研究意味着你只有一组研究对象,然后在研究期间每五年进行一次记录数据

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选

It is also, I should say, on the basis of this letter, which is why I ask people from time to time to remove their caps in the class room, from the House of Study.

也应可以说是因为这封信，促使我总是要求,课堂上的同学摘下鸭舌帽来听课，至少在学习的殿堂里。

耶鲁公开课 - 政治哲学导论课程节选

As time goes on, we've developed ever more complex machines to study people and we've talked about some of these already: EKG machines, so an example of an electrical device that can be used to monitor a very elaborate function deep inside your body, the beating of your heart and the rhythm of your heart.

如今,我们已经有功能更加复杂的设备,来研究人类,比如之前说到的心电图,我们使用电子装置,对身体内部机能进行精确地监控,具体到心电图就是心跳和心率

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It's a more powerful method than something called a cross-sectional study, and I'll come back in a later lecture and talk about these in more detail, but a cross-sectional study means you're taking a snapshot of a population of people at one time.

这种方法比所谓的横断面研究更加有效,我将在以后的课中,再仔细讨论这个问题,但横断面研究是指,你一次记录下一群人的状况

耶鲁公开课 - 关于食物的心理学、生物学和政治学课程节选