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This is presidential historian and author Robert Dallek: "Once the public turns against a war, once it is convinced that you are embarked upon if not a losing enterprise then something that is going to produce a quagmire, it creates tremendous political difficulties for the president and it undermines his credibility, trust in his judgment and his ability to put across his domestic reforms,"
VOA: standard.2009.10.09
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So notice this author--who I think is a pseudepigrapher.
这个作者，我觉得他是冒名者。
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This is The Wind Among the Reeds, author William Butler Yeats, the year 1899, on the verge of the new century.
这是威廉巴特勒叶芝的《苇间风》,在新世纪即将到来之际的1899年出版。
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So this was a list of books that some author believed were scripture and should be read by Christians and churches.
所以有些作者认为这一系列书是圣典,基督教徒和教会都应该奉读。
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All right. So with this said, it's probably time to say something in defense of the author.
好了，这么说来，差不多是时候,为作者的权威辩护了。
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And unless, you know, you've been hired to do Pirandello's Six Characters In Search Of An Author, this is not a great thing, because you get something that is really confusing.
可能一点关系也没有,要是你拍的是皮兰德娄的荒诞名剧,《六个找寻作家的角色》,那可能是件好事,因为你得到的是一个足够混乱的结果。
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So as a very "grave author" - and this is what Chudleigh is implying -- Milton can tell us something potentially true about the priority of the sexes.
因此作为一个“严肃的作家“,-这是恰德莱暗示的--弥尔顿能告诉我们,关于性别优先地位的一些真相。
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Then, when we open up the front, we see the author's note to the second edition, and this was something O'Connor added to the novel in 1962.
然后当我们打开书的前几页，会看到作者对第二版的注解，这是奥康纳在1962年加上去的。
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Because we're as skeptical about skepticism as we are about anything else we're likely to raise our eyebrows and say, "Hmm. Doesn't this guy Foucault think he's an author?
因为我们对怀疑论的怀疑,肯定和我们扬起眉毛质疑其他事物是一样的，我们会说：“嗯，这个叫福柯的人自称是作家吗？
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And so yes, the signal that this field of discursivity is on the table is introduced by the name of the author but it remains just a name.
所以的确，这种公开的散漫性的信号,就通过作者的名字被介绍出来，而且也仅仅只是个名字。
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One of the reasons this understanding seems so problematic is the idea that we don't appeal to the authority of an author in making our mind about the nature of a given field of discourse.
这种理解之所以看起来有问题,一个原因就是我们不会为了弄清一个特定领域话语的本质,去诉求作者的权威。
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that after Lolita.) But what I mean is that the reader must know when and where to contribute his imagination, and this he does by trying to get clear the specific world the author places at his disposal.
有些人可能就会那样想）,但我的意思是,读者必须知道何时何地需要发挥想像力,这样以看清作者所设置的特定的世界,在这篇小品文中。
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Who's this? This is the author of Prufrock.
这是谁？，这是《普鲁弗洛克》的作者。
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I never met anybody who seemed more like an author than this person, and yet he's raising the question whether there is any such thing, or in any case, the question how difficult it is to decide what it is if there is.
我从来没有遇见过比他看起来更像作家的人，现在他提出了一个问题，问无论如何，如果有这么个东西的话那么决定它是什么有多难。
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that this very authoritative-sounding person seems to be an author, right?
即这个听上去非常权威的人看起来是个作家，对吧？
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This is 1969, and the purpose that's alleged for appealing to the author as a paternal source, as an authority, is, according to both Barthes and Foucault, to police the way texts are read.
这是1969年，断言把作者作为一种,父性的资源，一种权威的目的，根据巴特和福柯的说法，是为了监督文本被阅读的方式。
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It's for this second printing that Milton adds the headnote that you see here that now begins the poem: "In this Monody the Author bewails a learned Friend, unfortunately drown'd in his Passage from Chester on the Irish Seas, 1637."
在第二版中，他加上了眉批,你们现在都能看到：,“周一作者缅怀了一位，不幸于1637年在爱尔兰海上,溺水而亡的挚友“
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By the way, this isn't at all a question of the author not existing.
并且，这绝对不是有关作者不存在的问题。
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Foucault confronts this question in "What is an Author?"
在《什么是作者》中，福柯谈到了这些问题“
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That is Hirsch's other key position, and we can understand it by saying something like this: the meaning of a text is what the author intended it to mean -that is to say, what we can establish with a reliable paraphrase.
这就是赫施的另一个重要观点，我们可以这样理解它：,文章的意思是作者想要表达的,即我们通过适当的释意能够想到的。
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You prove to your teacher that you understand the authors by being able to put their meaning in other words -in other words, to say the author is intending to say something, not just that the text says something and this is what it says, with your exam then being one long screed of quotation.
你们用自己的话写出文章的含义,以此向老师证明你们理解作者的意图,换句话说，要告诉老师作者想表达什么，而不仅仅是文本说的什么内容，然后在试卷上来一大段,冗长的引用。
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