This week on our program, we tell about a new set of Beatles CDs and a video game based on the British rock band.

VOA: special.2009.09.18

Right now we have actions, strategies for people to take, and we know what the outcomes are, but we're missing something that will make this a game.

目前我们涉及行为,策略,局中人,而且我们知道不同的结果,但是我们忽略了一个博弈必备的因素

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

This being a Game Theory class, there's at least one game we have to discuss and we've come to it now.

既然这门课叫博弈论,我们就得学习一下接下来要讲的模型

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

This debate is not a game for these Americans, and they cannot afford to wait any longer for reform,".

VOA: standard.2009.07.23

So,after taking into account the market impact, and the commissions,and the fees, this zero-sum game becomes a negative-sum game.

所以,考虑到市场冲击,佣金,规费,这一零和博弈变成了负和博弈

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

The passion of these transplanted soccer fans is infectious, and it's making Americans feel more a part of this global game.

VOA: standard.2010.07.01

This is a little game--and again, don't be overwhelmed by the complexity.

这是一个小游戏，不要被它的复杂性搞晕。

哈佛公开课 - 计算机科学课程节选

In this case,Zac Stayton says, the flies and beetles drawn to the plant are the victims of a vegetative con game.

VOA: standard.2010.07.30

You might think that what a computer, what a chess-playing computer does is just this: it calculates every possible branch, every possible game from here on out.

你可能认为,一台电脑,或一台下棋电脑所做的工作就是这样,计算出所有可能的下法,以及与之对应的各种可能的棋局

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

Some are calling this game worthy of a World Cup final.

VOA: standard.2010.07.01

Another example. This captured my imagination-- when I was a kid, my dad told me about the invention of the chess game-- some of you know the story.

另一个例子，这个例子捕获了我的想象力-,在我小时，父亲给我讲象棋游戏的由来-,有些人可能知道这个故事。

哈佛公开课 - 幸福课课程节选

Let's take a minute to just play this game of asking.

我们花一点时间来问个问题

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

So this is a classic game, perhaps it's one of the most famous games, and therefore worth studying in the class.

这是一个经典的博弈案例,可能是最著名的博弈案例之一,它很值得在我们课堂上研究一下

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

And perhaps, the lesson I want to draw out of this is that right now this is not a game.

我希望大家从中发现,这并不是真正意义上的博弈

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

We'll discuss this in a second, but why don't we actually record what the game is, that we're playing first.

一会再开始分析,我们先记录一下这个游戏的内容

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So a hundred years really before the invention of Game Theory, someone had figured out this answer for this game.

一百多年前博弈论还没有诞生呢,那时就有人解除了这个博弈的答案

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

It doesn't matter if we finish a little bit early, but I want to try to get this game at least started.

不管能不能提前下课了,还是先开始这个游戏吧

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So this is a game, just to give you some more jargon, this is a normal-form game.

用专业术语来说,这个博弈,属于标准式的博弈

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

so the idea of this game is a couple is going to meet up at the movies.

一对情侣要去电影院相会

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

But in the real world that's a sequential game, people decide to run in some order, we're going to assume this is all simultaneous.

但在现实生活中这是个有顺序的博弈,人们依照某种顺序决定是否参选,我们将假设这全是同时发生的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Now, it turns out that about a third of the game between my team Portsmouth and Kaj's team Liverpool, this weekend there was a penalty.

这周末在我支持的朴茨茅斯对战,卡茄支持的利物浦的比赛进行1/3时,裁判判罚了一个点球

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So this game has a name, and actually somebody mentioned it last time.

像这样的博弈有个术语,上一讲也有人提到过

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

We can imagine playing this game on a sort of mix and match.

我们来个混搭怎么样

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

I know this might be changing the game a little bit, but if you ever expected to play the same game with the partner you have more.

我知道这可能会稍微改变点这个博弈,但是如果你认为以后你还会,和你的对手进行相同博弈

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Why is this a more difficult game to attain coordination in?

为什么这个博弈更难协调

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

The formal parts of a game are this. We need players -- and while we're here let's develop some notation.

博弈由以下要素组成,参与人,首先我们得规定一下表述法

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

I admit I'm cheating a little bit here because I'm ignoring beliefs, but trust me that's okay in this game.

我承认我偷懒了,因为我忽略了信念,但请大家相信在这个博弈里面是可以的

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

All right, so last time we were talking about the Investor Game and this was a coordination game, and we learned some things.

上一讲我们讲到了投资者博弈,这属于协调博弈,从中我们学到了不少东西

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So just to motivate this a little bit, so there's two reasons why this game is interesting.

所以各位不必担心学不会了,这个博弈之所以有趣有两个原因

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

This has outcomes in it, it's an outcome matrix, but it isn't a game, because for a game we need to know payoffs.

这个游戏有不同的结果,我们用结果矩阵来表示,但是它不是一个博弈,因为我们必须知道收益才能进行博弈

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选