-
Hydroxyl is the combination of one hydrogen atom and one oxygen atom.
VOA: special.2009.09.30
-
One of the main difference is is that when you're talking about multi-electron orbitals, they're actually smaller than the corresponding orbital for the hydrogen atom.
其中最主要的区别之一,是当你讨论多电子轨道时,它们实际上，要比对应的氢原子轨道,要小一些。
-
All right. So, let's pick up where we left off, first of all we're still on the hydrogen atom from Monday.
好，让我们从上次停下的地方讲起，我们还要讲周一讲的氢原子。
-
That energy will be absorbed by the hydrogen atom, n=1 the electron will rise from n equals one n=2 to n equals two.
这能量将会被氢原子吸收，这个电子会从,上升到。
-
So, for example, in a hydrogen atom, if you take the binding energy, the negative of that is going to be how much energy you have to put in to ionize the hydrogen atom.
例如在氢原子里面,如果你取一个结合能,它的负数就是。
-
But, in fact, we can also talk about the ionization energy of different states of the hydrogen atom or of any atom.
但实际上我们也可以讨论氢原子,或者其它任何原子的其它能级的电离能。
-
So, what we know is happening is that were having transitions from some excited states to a more relaxed lower, more stable state in the hydrogen atom.
我们知道，这里所发生的是,氢原子从激发态到更低更稳定的态的跃迁，而我们用眼睛可以探测到的。
-
All right. So today we're going to finish up our discussion of the hydrogen atom.
好，今天我们要结束,关于氢原子问题的讨论。
-
And there again is another difference between multi-electron atom and the hydrogen atoms.
在多电子原子和氢原子,之间还有一个区别,当我们谈论多电子原子轨道时。
-
So here I've written for the hydrogen atom that deceptively simple form of the Schrodinger equation, where we don't actually write out the Hamiltonian operator, but you remember that's a series of second derivatives, so we have a differential equation that were actually dealing with.
这里我写出了,氢原子薛定谔方程的,最简单形式，这里我们实际上,没有写出哈密顿算符,但是请记住那你有，一系列的二次导数,所有我们实际上会处理一个微分方程。
-
and he knew this the same way that we saw it in the last class, which is when we viewed the difference spectra coming out from the hydrogen, and we also did it for neon, but we saw in the hydrogen atom that it was very discreet energy levels that we could observe.
那就是,当我们看氢原子发出的光谱时，我们也看了氖气,但我们看到,氢原子能级是分立的，这些，在当时,已经被观察到了,他也都知道。
-
So today, we're going to start talking about the hydrogen atom.
今天我们将谈到氢原子。
-
And when we talked about that, what we found was that we could actually validate our predicted binding energies by looking at the emission spectra of the hydrogen atom, which is what we did as the demo, or we could think about the absorption spectra as well.
当我们讨论它时，我们发现,我们可以通过,观察氢原子,发射光谱，来预测，结合能，就像我们在演示实验里做的那样，或者我们也可以观察吸收谱。
-
We've got a lot of constants in this solution to the hydrogen atom, and we know what most of these mean. But remember that this whole term in green here is what is going to be equal to that binding energy between the nucleus of a hydrogen atom and the electron.
在这个解中有很多常数,其中大部分我们,都知道它们代表的意思,但记住是这整个绿色的部分,等于核子和电子的结合能。
-
So, let's take a look here at an example of an energy diagram for the hydrogen atom, and we can also look at a energy diagram for a multi-electron atom, and this is just a generic one here, so I haven't actually listed energy numbers, but I want you to see the trend.
所以让我们来看看,一个例子氢原子的能量图，我们也可看看一个,多电子原子的能量图，这是一个普通的图谱，我没有列出能量的数字，但是我想让你们看这个趋势。
-
So for example, if you look at the 1 s orbital here, you can see that actually it is lower in the case of the multi-electron atom than it is for the hydrogen atom.
所以举例来说，如果你看到这里的1s轨道,你可以看到实际上,多电子原子情况的。
-
Again the 2 p orbitals for the multi-electron atom, lower in energy than for the hydrogen atom.
p轨道能量,多电子原子的，低于氢原子的。
-
You don't need to know those, but just because it's a special case with the hydrogen atom, they do tend to be named -- the most important, of course, tends to be the Balmer series because that's what we can actually see being emitted from the hydrogen atom.
你们不需要记住,但因为这是氢原子的特例,人们想要命名它，最重要的是当然是Balmer系,因为它是我们可以看到的,从氢原子放出来的光谱。
-
But there's something you'll note here also when I point out the case of the 2 s versus the 2 p, which is what I mentioned that I would be saying again and again, which is when we look at the hydrogen atom, the energy of all of the n equals 2 orbitals are exactly the same.
但是这里有一些事情你们也会注意到,当我指出2s和2p的情况，我之前提过,我会一次又一次的说，我们在观察氢原子的时候，2层轨道的所有n的能量,是完全相同的。
-
Let's look at the energetics of one of those electrons crashing into a hydrogen atom inside the gas tube.
我们一起来考察一下,其中的一个电子的能量,在阴极射线管中,撞击到氢原子上。
-
I have yet to show you the solution to a wave function for the hydrogen atom, so let me do that here, and then we'll build back up to probability densities, and it turns out that if we're talking about any wave function, we can actually break it up into two components, which are called the radial wave function and angular wave function.
我还没有给你们看过,氢原子波函数的解，让我现在给你们看一下，然后再来说,概率密度，实际上,对于任何一个波函数来说，我们可以把它,分解为两部分，分别叫做径向波函数,和角向波函数。
-
The reason that it's a sigma bond is sp3 because the s p 3 hybrid orbital is directly interacting with the 1 s orbital of the hydrogen atom, and that's going to happen on the internuclear axis, they're just coming together.
它是sigma键的原因,是因为,杂化轨道直接和氢原子1s轨道相互作用，它们作用发生在核间轴上，它们会到一起。
-
So if I tell you that the energy for single hydrogen atom is negative 13 12 kilojoules per mole.
如果我告诉大家单个氢原子的能量,是负的，1312，千焦每摩尔。
-
So, what we get for the disassociation energy for a hydrogen atom is 424 kilojoules per mole.
因此，我们就得到了氢原子,离解能的大小为，424，千焦每摩尔。
-
Because what it tells is that we can figure out exactly what the radius of an electron and a nucleus are in a hydrogen atom.
我们可以,准确的算出,氢原子中,电子。
-
Also, when we're looking at the Schrodinger equation, it allows us to explain a stable hydrogen atom, which is something that classical mechanics did not allow us to do.
当我们看一个薛定谔方程的时候，它给出一个稳定的氢原子,这是在经典力学中做不到的。
-
We're going to be looking at the solutions to the Schrodinger equation for a hydrogen atom, and specifically we'll be looking at the binding energy of the electron to the nucleus.
我们将研究下氢原子薛定谔方程的解,特别是电子和核子的结合能,我们将研究这部分。
-
So if we're talking about the fourth excited state, and we talk instead about principle quantum numbers, what principle quantum number corresponds to the fourth excited state of a hydrogen atom.
如果我们说的是,第四激发态，我们用,主量子数来描述，哪个主量子数对应了,氢原子的第四激发态？
-
And I just want to point out here in terms of things that you're responsible for, you should know that the most probable radius for a 1 s hydrogen atom is equal a nought.
在这里,我想要指出的是，你们要知道氢原子１ｓ轨道,最可能距离等于ａ０
-
So, why don't you go ahead and tell me, keeping that in mind, which atom in terms of h c or n would you expect to be in the center of hydrogen cyanide?
那么，请大家来告诉我，并且记住它，你认为氢，碳和氮中哪个原子,应该在氰化氢的中间呢？
应用推荐