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A scientific theory represents the best explanation of how the natural world works.
VOA: special.2009.12.01
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And the family of arguments that we're considering initially are arguments that get known as inference or inferences to the best explanation.
我们首先会想到的一类,则是那种,被称作推理的论证,或叫做,最佳解释推理
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The kinds of arguments we have been considering so far all fall under the general rubric of "Inference to the best explanation."
目前为止 我们讨论的这些论证,都是在 "最佳解释推理",这个一般准则下进行的的
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Here we might then have an entire other family of arguments, set of arguments--again, still of the form "Inference to the best explanation."
这里我们就有了全新的一类论证,一系列的论证,但仍需遵循,"最佳解释推理"
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It's a matter of inference, not just to any old explanation, but inference to the best explanation.
这是逻辑推论的结果,不是随便什么陈旧的解释,而是最佳解释的推论结果
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The best explanation is to be had by supposing that those people who behave this way-- Let's suppose many of us who behave this way.
最好的解释就是,假设有这种行为的人们-,让我们假设我们当中很多人有这种行为。
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And the best explanation is to be had--T his is how the argument would go.
而最好的解释,论据应该是这样的。
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Here's another version of an argument that goes from inference to the best explanation.
这是某个论证,从推理发展为最佳解释的另一种说法
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This pattern of argument, which is ubiquitous, is called "Inference to the best explanation."
这种论证模式,十分普遍,被称为,最佳解释推理
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Inference to the best explanation" is not a single argument for the soul.
最佳解释的推论,并不仅仅是关于灵魂的一个论证
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The best explanation of that behavior is to be found by claiming that at some level, at some fundamental level,we don't really believe what we claim to believe.
对那种行为最好的说明就是口头上相信，但在某种根本的程度上，我们并不相信它。
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It would be an example of "Inference to the best explanation."
这可以作为一个,最佳解释推论的例子
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The idea is, he's going to tell us certain facts that need explaining, and the best explanation involves a certain fact about recollecting, or a certain claim about recollecting or remembering.
大意是,他要,告诉我们一些需要解释的现象,以及对其最好的解释,这包括一些回忆的例子,或者一些有关回忆的说法
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Still, that doesn't mean that we should believe the argument for the existence of the soul from near-death experiences, because the question remains, "What's the best explanation of what's going on in near-death experiences?"
但是,这并不意味着,我们应该相信那些从濒死体验角度,来证明灵魂存在的论证,因为问题仍在,对于濒死体验的,最好解释是什么
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Hence, inference to the best explanation.
因此,这是一个最佳解释推理
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The best explanation appeals to the soul."
而最佳的解释是诉诸灵魂的
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but, "Is it the best explanation?"
而是,那是最佳的解释吗
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I want to emphasize the point that the various arguments that I have been talking about so far, although they have this common strand-- "Inference to the best explanation"-- are each separate and distinct arguments.
强调一点,到现在为止,我提及的各种论据,尽管它们都是,最佳解释的推论,但每一个都是独立而分明的
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What we're justified in believing are those things that we need, not simply when they would offer us some kind of explanation, but when they offer us the best explanation that we can think of.
我们确信我们需要某些东西,不仅在于它们为我们提供了某种解释,还在于它们能使我们,想出的最佳解释
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What about the fact that-- We said there's a family of arguments, all of which have the general structure, inference to the best explanation, you need souls in order to explain feature F. Plug in a different feature F and you get a new argument.
这个事实怎么样,我们说过有一大类观点,它们有一些共同的结构,有关于这个最佳解释的推论,需要用灵魂的概念,来解释功能特征F,代入一个不同的,功能特征就会得到一个新的论点
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But what we seem to be justified in believing is not just any old explanation, but the "Best explanation."
但是,我们认为正确并坚信着的,不是某些随便的陈旧解释,而是,最佳解释
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And in a moment, I'll ask whether it's the best possible explanation, but before we do turn to that question, there is an objection to this entire way of looking at things that's probably worth pausing for a moment and considering.
而马上,我要问你们这是否是最好的解释,但在我们转向那个问题之前,有一个对这一整套,看待问题的方式的反驳,或许值得我们稍微停留并考虑一番
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Well,in the same way,if we could find some behavior on our part that calls out for explanation, that the best possible explanation would be that at some level we don't believe we're going to die, then we might say,look, this gives us some reason to think that we don't really believe we're going to die, even though we say we believe it.
同样，如果我们发现自己有些行为有待解释，这最好的解释可能就是,在某种程度上，我们不相信自己会死，然后我们说，看，这让我们有理由相信，我们并不相信我们会死，即使我们口头上说相信。
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