I don't like that idea. Especially because in the vast majority of physical punishment cases,
我不喜欢这个观念。尤其是考虑到大多数体罚的案例,
But the point I want to make about it is much more general and we don't have to look at particular cases to make it.
但是我想说的是这是很普遍的,我们不用看很多特例去研究它。
You don't want to just ignore it, but in cases like that, it's usually a small fraction of the total.
你不能直接把它忽略掉,但在像这样的情形下,它一般是。
This is by the way--just because one can make this claim and, I think, make it stick in certain cases, doesn't mean that the proposition is any less outrageous.
还要指出的是 就算有人提出了这种理论,有些情况下甚至能说通,并不说明这种说法就能让人接受了。
But then we went a little further, we considered those other cases and people weren't so sure about consequentialist moral reasoning.
但随着谈论的深入,我们发现在其他情况中,人们不再对后果主义道德推理那么确定了。
But what's interesting with these cases is you couldn't have predicted ahead of time that they would be heroes.
但这些例子所表明的就是,你不可能提前预知,他们会成为英雄
Still have to ask, not, are there are ever cases of people who don't believe they're going to die?
还是必须要问,不是问是否真的有人,不相信自己会死?
But through technique alone to the extensity even existence cannot be found alone There isn't any or many or much meaning maybe limited cases I don't care.
当时仅仅通过技术,连存在都难以实现,如果这样,有技术也没有什么意义了,或许我举的例子不多。
This was of great concern because the number of polio cases shouldn't go up as the vaccine is being even more actively distributed through the country, so what happened?
这个现象让人担心,因为小儿麻痹症的发生数量,不应该在疫苗全国范围内普及后,反而有所上升,那么到底发生了什么
The problem is then that these were sold to low-income people, in many cases, who didn't understand what they were getting and that after two years the interest rate would reset up.
问题是贷款在一开始是发放给低收入人群,很多情况下,那些人并不理解这种贷款,或者说他们不知道利率在两年后会重设
So the exceptions are useful when you want to have the ability to say, I expect in general this kind of behavior, but I do know there are some other things that might happen and here's what I'd like to do in each one of those cases. But I do want to make sure that I don't let a value that I'm not expecting pass through.
所以当你希望有能力说,我希望一般是这样的行为,异常是很有用的,但是我明白还有一些其它的情况可能发生,我希望对每一种情况都这么做,但是我跟希望能保证,没有让一个预期之外的情况漏过去。
Real life for both humans and animals involved cases where the reinforcement doesn't happen all the time but actually happens according to different schedules.
在现实中,人类和动物,并不总是不停的得到强化,但实际上强化则是根据不同的时程出现的。
But we also noticed,in some cases, we weren't swayed only by the result.
同时注意到,在某些情况下,不仅行为的后果会使我们动摇。
But we can think of cases in which I would survive, but I don't have that extra thing, and so I wouldn't have everything that matters to me.
但是让我们设想我活下去时,但是失去了这些东西的例子,我就失去了一切对我来说重要的东西。
Isn't it enough for me to extrapolate from cases that I do come up against in this life?
难道仅仅依靠我这辈子碰到的东西,不足以使我推断出来吗
That leaves us with the possibility that there could be cases where you die and you don't survive.
我们就有了这样的可能,即便人死亡,无法存活。
The appeal to intuition, thinking about these cases doesn't seem to take us very far.
思考一下这些案例,诉诸直觉对我们似乎帮助不大。
Because it's possible,logically speaking, that there could be cases in which I survive, but I don't have what I normally have when I survive, and so I don't have what matters.
因为可能从逻辑上来说,可能会有这样的案例,我存活下去,但并没拥有我活着时有的东西,不再拥有我在意的东西。
I just have to confess, I don't know what the best thing to say about these cases, I find myself inclined to think reassembled watch, same watch; reassembled tower, not same tower.
我必须得承认,我不知道,究竟怎么样解释这些例子好,我发现自己还是觉得,重组的手表是原来的手表;,重搭的塔并非原来的塔。
It is true that we're seeing some people thrown out of their houses, in some cases, because of some rather questionable financial practices that got people into mortgages that they shouldn't have gotten into.
确实我们看到有些人,被赶出他们的房子,在有些案例中,确实是有些有问题的金融操纵,使人们背上,本不该背负的债务。
So I can't use thinking about the Williams cases as a method of deciding what do I really believe, the body view or the personality view?
因此我不能采用Williams的案例,来帮助我们判断我们应该相信哪种理论,肉体理论还是人格理论?
Creatures like Spock and Data don't exist in the real world but there are unusual and unfortunate cases where people lose, to some extent or another, their emotions.
像斯帕克和Data一样的生物,不会存在于真实世界,但是有不平常的,不幸的例子,人们在某种程度上失去了情感。
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