These are physical knobs that are available us as experimentalists. And so when we turn these knobs on our system, we want to know how the enthalpy is changing for that system.

这些都是我们做实验可,以得到的物理变量,所以当我们在系统中,改变这些量的时候。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

and to know how to navigate the legal system.

以及如何利用法律体系。

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You need to know if it's an equilibrium, and you also need to know how many components you have in your system So, a glass of ice water with an ice cube in it, which is a heterogeneous system, has only one component, which is water, H2O.

要知道它是不是平衡的，你还需要知道,你的系统中有多少组分,一杯放了冰块的水，虽然它是个非均匀系统，但它只有一种组分，那就是水。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选