So, it doesn't need to bind to a receptor on the surface of the cell in order to work because the molecule can actually enter the cell directly.

所以无需与细胞表面受体相结合来起效,因为这些分子能直接进入细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In this case, a receptor tyrosine kinase is a receptor molecule that binds a ligand at its surface outside the cell and initiates this enzyme activity - this kinase activity - and causes phosphorylation of another molecule.

在这个例子中,酪氨酸激酶受体可以,在细胞表面区域与配体结合,从而激发出,激酶的活性,使其能够磷酸化另一类分子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, the way that your immune system recognizes it is that all the cells of our body express a molecule on their surface, a membrane protein called the MHC1 complex.

而免疫系统识别的方法是,身体内所有细胞在其表面表达一种分子,一种叫做MHC1复合体的膜蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选