"It has to do to a large extent with the stimulus measures taken by governments, and by the very vigorous response of central banks on the crisis.
VOA: standard.2010.04.21
And so, the behaviorist manifesto would then be to develop a science without anything that's unobservable and instead use notions like stimulus and response and reinforcement and punishment and environment that refer to real world and tangible events.
因此,行为主义者的目标,是建立一门科学,将一切不可观测的事情都排除在外,取而代之的是应用,诸如刺激,反应,强化,惩罚,以及表示现实世界和客观事件的环境,之类的概念来进行研究。
So, the idea here is, repeated pairings of the unconditioned stimulus and the conditioned stimulus will give rise to the response.
这里的意思是说,无条件刺激与条件刺激的反复匹配,会引起条件反应。
But what happens through learning is that another association develops that between the conditioned stimulus and the conditioned response.
但学习会在条件刺激与条件反应之间,建立起另一种联结。
Now the pain of a bite, being bit, and then the pain and fear of that is an unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response.
咬伤所带来的疼痛感,和有此所带来的痛苦与恐惧,就是无条件刺激和无条件反应。
When Pavlov put food powder in the dog's mouth and saliva was generated, that's an unconditioned stimulus giving rise to an unconditioned response.
巴甫洛夫给狗喂食,狗会分泌唾液,这就是无条件刺激引起了无条件反应。
Well, when Pavlov, for instance, started before conditioning there was simply an unconditioned stimulus, the food in the mouth, and an unconditioned response, saliva.
比如,在条件作用形成之前,只是简单的存在着无条件刺激,即食物,以及无条件反应,即唾液。
And now it's known as the conditioned stimulus giving rise to the conditioned response.
这就是所谓的,条件刺激引起了条件反应。
When the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus are brought together over and over and over again, pretty soon the conditioned stimulus gives rise to the response.
当条件刺激与非条件刺激,同时且多次反复出现,条件刺激很快也能引起条件反应。
So, if somebody pokes you with a stick and you say, "Ouch," because it hurts, the poking and the "Ouch" is an unconditioned stimulus causing an unconditioned response.
如果有人用棍子戳你,你会因为疼而叫出来,戳的动作和你的喊叫“,这就是无条件刺激引起了无条件反射。
And now the bell--When--You start off with the unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response.
开始时呈现无条件刺激,会出现无条件反应。
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