What he does is he takes this archaic state structure in which literally nothing had been written down.

他激进而彻底的变革改变了俄国陈旧的国家结构,这种陈旧的国家结构没有任何文献资料

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

As I already suggested, and I would insist upon this again, that the consolidation of territorial rulers had already given the basis to an expanding, more formalized state structure, even in England.

我提到过 现在再强调一遍,国家的兼并,君权的加强为一个日益庞大,更有章法的现代国家的形成奠定了基础,在英格兰也是如此

耶鲁公开课 - 欧洲文明课程节选

Sometimes subtle changes in the structure of a protein can convert it from an active state into an inactive state.

有时蛋白质结构上一些很小的变化,就能将其由激活态转变为非激活态

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选