The other kinds of depository institutions that have developed are called thrifts and they really started from a movement in the United Kingdom.

后来发展起来的其他存款机构,都统称为"储蓄机构",这些机构的产生源自英国的一场运动

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So, they started to do collecting of data on mortality and they developed something called actuarial science, which is estimating the probability of people living.

他们开始收集死亡率的数据,并且发展出精算学,用来估算人在各年龄段死亡的概率

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选