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If I now hybridize these, if I take these and I make four symmetric, now, these are just the sp3 orbitals.
如果我将他们杂化，然后形成4个对称的轨道，这就是sp3轨道。
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sp3 PROFESSOR: OK, so it's 2 s p 3, and our second carbon is also 2 s p 3.
好的，是，第二个碳原子也是2sp3。
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CH4 is sp3 carbon hybridization.
能容纳4个原子成键。
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So what you see is actually a diminished lobe on the back part of this s p 3 orbital.
你们看到,在sp3轨道的后面部分,有个小叶。
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This bond is polar, but again, as I alluded to earlier, because the carbon is centered in the tetrahedron, because of the sp3 hybridization, the molecule itself is symmetric and nonpolar.
这个键是非极性的，但是，我们断言过早，因为C是中心原子，由于sp3杂化，这个分子本身是非极性的且对称的。
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All right, so in terms of s p 3 hybrid orbitals, let's combine all four together on one axis, because this is what's going to happen in an s p 3 carbon atom.
对于sp3杂化轨道，让我们把4个结合起来，因为这是sp3碳原子中发生的情况。
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I have four bonds that are of equal energy, and he called this an sp3 hybrid.
我已经将4个能量相等的键画好了，他把这称为sp3杂化。
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And specifically, when we give them a name it's very clear exactly which orbitals they come from combining, - we're calling these s p 3 orbitals -- that's because they come from combining 1 s orbital and 3 p orbitals.
特别的，我们命名它们,使得很容易看到它们是什么轨道结合而成的，我们叫这些轨道sp3轨道-,这是因为它们是由1s轨道,和3p轨道组合成的。
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The reason that it's a sigma bond is sp3 because the s p 3 hybrid orbital is directly interacting with the 1 s orbital of the hydrogen atom, and that's going to happen on the internuclear axis, they're just coming together.
它是sigma键的原因,是因为,杂化轨道直接和氢原子1s轨道相互作用，它们作用发生在核间轴上，它们会到一起。
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So s p 3 orbitals always have one huge lobe and one really little lobe.
所以sp3轨道总是有一个大叶,和一个非常小的叶。
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So, this forms a tetrahedron, which forms the sp3 hybrid orbitals.
这就形成了一个四面体，它是由sp3杂化轨道形成的。
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If it has 1 s and 3 p's, we call it s p 3.
如果它有1个s和3个p，我们叫它sp3。
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All right, so that's s p 3 hybridization, but those aren't the only type of hybrid orbitals that we can form. Let's take a look at what happens if instead of combining all four orbitals, we just combine three of those orbitals, and what we'll end up with is s p 2 hybridization.
好了，这是sp3杂化，但这并不是我们可以,形成的唯一类型的杂化轨道,让我们来看看，不是四个轨道结合，我们仅仅结合3个轨道。
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And, this is the shape. It's SP3 hybridized.
这是它的形状，sp3杂化。
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Methane looks like this with the sp3 hybridization.
甲烷看起来就是sp3杂化的。
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We have carbon, sp3 hybridization.
我们碳是sp3杂化。
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So if we still have an angle of a 109 . 5 degrees, and again, we still have four unpaired electrons available for bonding, we can make one of those bonds with another s p 3 hybridized carbon, so we're going to make up one pair here.
如果键角仍然是109。,同样，我们还有4个未配对的电子可以用来成键，我们可以用其中的一个,和另外一个sp3杂化碳原子成键，这样我们可以组成一对。
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