So, what will start with on Monday is doing the most simple example of methane using these Lewis structure rules.

因此，下周一上课,我们会先以最简单的例子--甲烷开始,使用这些路易斯结构的规则。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And I'm going to do it only using multiplication and addition and some simple tests. All right?

我只能用乘法和加法,以及一些小测试来解决这个问题？

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

So, using our simple valence bond theory, what we would expect is that we want to pair up any unpaired electrons in methane with unpaired electrons from hydrogen and form bonds.

利用简单的价电子成键理论，我们预计,要把所有甲烷中没有配对的电子,和氢原子中没有配对的电子配对来形成键。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Well let's talk about some mechanisms for using this and I'll start with a simple example of how one can detect a gene in a fluid, in a blood sample for example, where that gene is unknown.

我们来说说这项技术在实际应用中的机制,先从一个简单例子着手,如何在一个血样中,侦测是否存在某段基因序列,某段未知基因序列

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We'll talk about cells and how they work, how cells in different parts of the body are different, why, and how they contribute to tissues at a very sort of simple level so that you can understand this as we start thinking about using cells for engineering purposes.

我们将会谈论细胞,它们如何工作,身体不同的部位细胞有怎样的不同,为什么它们有所不同,以及这些细胞如何,以十分简单的方式形成组织,这样当我们开始考虑用细胞,来满足工程目的时,你会更容易理解

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So that means that we don't have to worry about things like wave functions when we're talking about Lewis structures, but because they're so simple to use and because they so often predict the electron configuration of molecules accurately, we end up using them all the time in chemistry, so it's very valuable to know how to draw them correctly and to know how to work with them.

因此这也就意味着我们在讨论路易斯结构的时候,不需要担心波函数之类的东西，但是由于路易斯结构不仅简单易用,而且用它来预测分子的电子排布,经常可以得到非常精确的结果，结果我们在化学中一直都在用它，因此知道如何正确地画出并运用,路易斯结构是非常有价值的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

I spotted an error here, I could have spotted it by running it on different test sets, and using prints things, another way of doing it, but this idea of at least simulating it on simple examples lets you check a couple of important questions.

操作么？我在这里发现了一个错误,我也可以通过运行不同的测试集，或者运用print声明来发现这个错误，但是至少应该用简单的例子来手工模拟下,代码的思想可以让你,对一些很重要的问题进行检验。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选

You wouldn't be expected to be able to guess that this would happen, because using any kind of simple theory, we would, in fact, predict that this would not be the case, but what we find experimentally is that it's more stable to have half filled d orbital than to have a 4 s 2, and a 3 d 4.

你们不用预期有能力,猜出这个会发生，因为使用任一种简单的理论，我们事实上可以预测不会是那种情况，但是我们在实验中发现的,是半填充d轨道比,4s23d4更加稳定。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

That's why molecular biology, one of the reasons why it's turned out to be such a powerful tool, because if you can think creatively you can find all different ways to using these very simple principles to recombine molecules, to make unique new DNA sequences.

这就是分子生物学,如此有用的原因之一,因为如果你有创造力,你可以用各种方法,运用这些简单的原理来重组分子,创造独特的DNA新序列

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选