For now, just picture it in this simple way as a molecule, usually a protein, that's embedded in the cell membrane and many receptors have a part of them that is extracellular.

现在,我只把这种分子图示出来,受体通常是一种蛋白质,它们镶嵌在细胞膜上,很多受体还有部分结构露在细胞外

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

DNA goes to RNA, goes to protein, that's it, and that is the way it happens in simple organisms like bacteria.

NA转录成RNA接着翻译成蛋白质,仅此而已,而这仅是细菌那样的简单有机体中的机制

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It's not as simple as DNA going to RNA going to protein, because proteins need to be present in order to make these things happen as well.

基因表达不是简单的从DNA到RNA,再到蛋白质,因为整个过程需要,不同酶的催化作用

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选