-
That's how I'm trying to play him and I think he's coming out of his shell a bit in Eclipse."
VOA: standard.2010.07.07
-
Whereas for fluorine, fluorine is smaller than f minus is the one that's the outer shell shown here.
而对于氟来说，氟原子更小,与外部壳层在这的负一价氟离子相比。
-
So, let's take a look at one of these rows in more detail to think about why this might be happening, and it turns out the reason that these glitches occur are because the sub shell structure predominates in certain instances, and that's where these glitches take place.
那么，让我们仔细地看一看其中一行,想一想为什么会这样，结果是这些小偏差的出现,是因为在一定情况下,亚壳层结构会产生重要影响，这正发生在小偏差出现的地方。
-
"The Gulf of Mexico response plans for ExxonMobil,Chevron, Conoco Phillips and Shell are virtually identical to BP's, and just as deficient."
VOA: standard.2010.06.15
-
Now, we get to draw some lessons out of this thing, so everybody who's feeling a little bit shell shocked from having been doing algebra and calculus and drawing pictures and feeling like they've been cheated into taking a class that looks far too much like economics, calm down we're going to actually talk right now.
下面我们从中总结点经验出来,那些因为代数和微积分计算还有绘图,而感到十分不爽的同学,你们是不是感觉被我忽悠了,才会选这门一点都不像经济学的课啊,稍安勿躁,我们马上切入正题
-
There is a huge difference between the energies in the outermost shell and the inner shells, which tells you that it's unlikely that any electrons except those in the outermost shell are going to be active.
最外层和最里层所具有的能量,有很大差异，而这告诉我们有一点是不太可能的,那就是除了最外层的电子,别的电子都是应该是活泼的。
-
I then click on the shell, rather than hitting F5, try and run it and say, it's not doing what I thought I should do.
然后我点击了命令解释程序，而不是按F5，我运行了程序而它，并没有按照我认为的那样做。
-
So, from going from the shell of n equals 2, let's say, to the shell of n equals 3.
比如说，从ｎ等于２到ｎ,等于３壳层如何变化。
-
But still, when we're talking about the radial probability distribution, what we actually want to think about is what's the probability of finding the electron in that shell?
但当我们讲到径向概率分布时,我们想做的是考虑，在某一个壳层里,找到电子的概率,就把它想成是蛋壳？
-
So, let's focus on the outer shell electrons.
所以，让我们看一下外层电子。
-
Just putting it up for completeness. 2s2, and 2p4, and so here's the valence shell.
举这个例子出来是为了完整一点，2s2，2p4，这儿是价电子层。
-
So the 3 s 1, or any of the other electrons that are in the outer-most shell, those are what we call our valence electrons, and those are where all the excitement happens.
它们是经常发生激发情况的,那也是我们所看到，我们称之为价电子，它们是经常发生激发情况的。
-
So here we're talking about v plus 1, so if we were to write it just for the neutral electron itself, we would find that the electron configuration is argon, that's the filled shell in front of it.
这里我们要分析的是正一价的钒离子，因此，我们先写出中性原子的电子排布，可以发现，其原子实是氩原子的电子排布，这些壳层已经被占满了。
-
Let's look at it again. All right it's time to interrupt the world, and we'll just type into the shell.
好，让我们再来看看,好，我们输入shell命令，看结果怎么样。
-
Whatever the n number is, with the exception of helium, helium is the oddity because there's only two elements in n equals one shell.
无论n是多少，除了氦之外，氦是个特例,因为只有两个元素,在n为1的这一层。
-
So if you think of a shell, you can actually just think of an egg shell, that's probably the easiest way to think of it, where the yolk, if you really maybe make it a lot smaller might be the nucleus.
可以把它想成，个蛋壳，这也许是，最简单的思考办法,蛋黄如果，缩小非常多倍的话,就可以想象成核子。
-
So, basically what we're saying is if we take any shell that's at some distance away from the nucleus, we can think about what the probability is of finding an electron at that radius, and that's the definition we gave to the radial probability distribution.
本质上我们说的就是,如果我们在距离原子核,某处取一个壳层，我们可以考虑在这个半径处,发现电子的概率，这就是我们给出的,径向概率密度的定义。
-
That's kind of your shell that we're discussing.
我们讨论的大概就是，这种样子的壳层。
-
This should make sense to you, because they don't, in fact, want to gain another electron, because that would mean that electron would have to go into a new value of n, a new shell, and that's really going to increase the energy of the system.
这对大家来说应该容易理解，因为它们实际上不想得到另一个电子，因为这意味着这个电子不得不,到一个新的，n，值更大的壳层上去，这将会增加系统的能量。
-
So we actually only need two electrons to fill up the valence shell of hydrogen, remember that's because all we need to fill up is the 1 s.
我们其实只需要两个电子,就可以将氢的价壳层排满，要记得这是因为我们只需要排满，1，s，轨道。
-
So basically, that means one electron in an s orbital in their outer-most most shell.
因此基本上,这意味着那个在，s，轨道上价电子是最外层的。
-
And when you talk about n for an orbital, it's talking about the shell that shell is kind of what you picture when you think of a classical picture of an atom where you have 1 energy level, the next one is further out, the next one's further away.
当你们谈到，某个轨道的n时，你们说的是壳层，壳层就是,你想象，一个原子,的经典图像时的场景,你有一个能级，下一个再更远的地方，再下一个又更远。
-
That's associated with one, n equals one, inner shell.
它和1紧密联系，n等于1，在内层时。
-
So if we write the electron configuration you see that this is the electron configuration here, 1s22s22p 1 s 2, 2 s 2, 2 p 6, 3s1 and now we're going into that third shell 3 s 1.
现在我们来到第三层,你们会看到3s1价电子之间的区别，电子构型是，现在我们来到第三层。
-
s But it just turns out that the 4 s is so low in energy that it actually surpasses the 3 d, because we know the 3 d is going to be pretty high in terms of the three shell, and the 4 s is going to be the lowest interms of the 4 shell, and it turns out that we need to fill up the 4 s 4s before we fill in the 3 d.
但是结果是,能量较低,4s是第四层最低的，因为我们知道3d在第三层,是非常高的，4s是第四层,最低的，结果是我们在填充3d之前,需要先填充。
应用推荐