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So if I take p times V to the gamma, anywhere on the path, it's going to be equal to the same relation This is going to be true for any point on the path.
结果都，将等于，初态点的,只要在这条路径上。
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It's true for any gas, and if I remove this limit here, r t is equal to p v bar, I'm going to call that an ideal gas.
这样的气体被称作理想气体,这就是理想气体的性质，理想气体的涵义是什么？
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If I want to get out right now the versions of these things, I can ask what's the value of c p 1 x, and it returns it back out.
你可以在那里看到那些,代表笛卡尔坐标点的东西，如果我想要得到现在，这个类的版本的东西的话。
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And when my body's not P-functioning,I'm not still around.
当我的身体失去人格功能，我就死了。
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And we can think about here we did get that energy for electron promotion that I mentioned before 2p where we moved the electron from the 2 s to the 2 p.
我们可以考虑,我们从哪里,获得了能量使电子,从2s激发到。
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So what we're going to do is take the equations for those two lines, so here's one of those equations and here's the other one, set the P in those equations equal to X, I've got two equations in one unknown, I'm sorry, I've got one equation and one unknown.
接下来我们只需要,列出这两条线各自的方程,也就是这个方程和这个方程,把方程中的P换成X,我就得到了两个等式和一个未知数,错了,是一个等式和一个未知数
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It's reasonable because it's meant TMP for temporary purposes just to call it temp or T-M-P for short, X and I can define temp as -- why don't I set it as equal to X, initially, because now that I've stored X in a separate chunk of memory, I can now change its value and then I can say Y gets, not X, but temp, and so now I've actually swapped these values.
这是合理的，因为它是为,暂时的目的，只要叫它Temp或简称它为，我可以定义temp为--为什么我不把它设定为等于，最初的，因为现在我把X存储在一个单独的内存块中,我现在可以改变它的值，然后我说Y等于，不是X，而是temp，所以现在我交换这些值。
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It's reversible, that means that p external, equals p. I'm doing it very slowly so that I'm always in equilibrium between the external pressure and the internal pressure so I can go back and forth.
我都可以不损失能量，而把过程逆向进行,整个过程中的,每一步都保持平衡,现在我们来分别。
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So when I type, I'm sorry, I shouldn't say type, c point although I would have typed it, p dot x, here's what basically happens.
处于特定点的实例的这个概念，我知道它来自于这个类，这个类，when，I，write，因此当我输入，抱歉，我不该说输入的，当我写，虽然我需要输入它，p，x的时候。
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Reversible. Reversible means that if I looked at dw it's minus p reversible.
接下来是“可逆“,他说明当计算dw=-PextdV时。
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Some of you might be saying in your heads, wait a second, I happen to know, I happen to remember from high school, p have different energies then, for example, s orbitals.
有些人,可能会心里想：,等等，我记得，高中的时候学过，轨道，that，p，orbitals,和s轨道，的能级是不同的。
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I'm going to call it r. It's going to be the gas constant, and now I have r times t is equal to the limit, p goes to zero of p r.
如果去掉p趋于0的条件,在有限压强下都,保持RT=pV的关系。
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I also want to assume for our present purposes that there's only pressure volume work going on, which is to say I want to put pdV p dV in here minus p dV for dw.
同时假定,对于我们目前的目的而言，只有压强做功这就是说,我要把这里的dw替换为负。
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We can also look at them coming in from the side, and that's what I tried to depict here where you can actually see in pink is the p orbital.
我们也可以看到它们从这个方向来，这就是我这里试图描绘的,你可以看到粉红色的p轨道。
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And I know pdV what those turn out to be. It's minus S dT minus p dV.
我们知道,这最终就是负SdT减去。
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So it's OK to not specify. I want to point out, pz whether you're in the p x, the p y, or the p z, unless a question specifically m asks you to specify the m sub l, which occasionally will happen, but if it doesn't happen you just write it like this.
我想指出的是，无论你在px，py或，除非一个问题特别地,让你指出l下面的，这种情况有时会发生，这样就可以了,但是如果它不做要求你们写成。
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But there's something you'll note here also when I point out the case of the 2 s versus the 2 p, which is what I mentioned that I would be saying again and again, which is when we look at the hydrogen atom, the energy of all of the n equals 2 orbitals are exactly the same.
但是这里有一些事情你们也会注意到,当我指出2s和2p的情况，我之前提过,我会一次又一次的说，我们在观察氢原子的时候，2层轨道的所有n的能量,是完全相同的。
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