When we talk about gene expression than we're talking about this whole sequence of events I just described: transcription, RNA processing, translation to make the protein.

当我们谈到基因表达的时候,我们就是在讨论,一系列我们刚才提到的过程,即转录,RNA加工,翻译成蛋白质

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If I told you that 'draw me a nucleotide from RNA that has ', you could go back to this picture and you could draw the whole thing.

如果让你找RNA中碱基是A的核苷酸,你可以看着这个图,就能找出其全部结构

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I told you that that's driven by a protein called RNA polymerase.

此过程由称为RNA聚合酶的蛋白所介导

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well you do that by this Watson-Crick base pairing, so I know if I have I know what messenger RNA to make from that because I have to satisfy these base pairing rules.

依据的是沃森克里克碱基互补配对原则,如果给我一个ACGCGA的序列,就能知道转录出的mRNA会是什么,因为我必须满足碱基配对原则

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

These two new medical therapies that I mentioned are based on interfering with the biology of RNA, and one is older than the other and the older one is called anti-sense therapy.

我提到的这两种新医学疗法,都是基于RNA干扰来实现的,一种比另一种出现的更早,较早的那种方法叫做反义疗法

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now there are other kinds of processing that can happen to RNA as well, and again, I said this is really still an emerging science, but this is one that's well known, and you could imagine that it's important.

如今人们也发现了,其他的RNA加工机制,我再一次强调,这真的是一门新兴科学,这是一种目前我们已经熟悉的机制,而你可以想象这是多么重要

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, what if you knew the sequence for the messenger RNA that made insulin and you designed another single stranded DNA or RNA molecule that was the exact opposite, or the exact compliment, I should say, of that strand?

那么,如果你知道了,合成胰岛素的mRNA的序列,并设计一段与其序列完全相反的,DNA或者RNA分子,应该说是完全互补的一段分子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The only thing I need to say in order to distinguish this particular part of the chemistry of a DNA or an RNA molecule is to say 'it's DNA or its RNA', and 'what the base is'.

想要区别DNA和RNA,这两种化学结构不同的核酸的话,我只要说明它是DNA还是RNA,它的碱基是什么就够了

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选