If you think about Alexander Pope, for example, or even Samuel Johnson, as they reflect on literature and why it's important and what the nature of literature is, they aren't concerned about interpretation.

比如，亚历山大，蒲柏，或塞缪尔，约翰逊，他们思考文学,及其重要性时，并不关心文学的解读问题。

耶鲁公开课 - 文学理论导论课程节选

And the poem goes on, and this is the tone of a poem. It's a poem of crisis, a poem of a kind of hollow speaker, someone who emerges as, more or less, buried alive. And this is supposed to reflect both personal crisis and a historical crisis.

然后这首诗继续娓娓道来，这就是诗歌的韵律,这是首关于危机的诗，关于一个有点言之无物的叙述者,最后活活烧死的诗，这恰好反映了,个人和历史的危机。

耶鲁公开课 - 1945年后的美国小说课程节选

We can reflect on our first order or base level experiences.

我们能反思基层的体验。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选