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A laboratory was created to study recently discovered opiate receptors in the brain.
VOA: special.2009.02.10
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I mentioned earlier, we thought about receptors as being these blocks and membranes but there are different families of receptors.
我之前讲过,我们把受体看做一类,固定在细胞膜上的分子,但受体有许多不同家族
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Sometimes receptors, when they interact with ligands, create changes in what proteins are actually being produced by the cell.
有时受体与配体结合后,带来的变化实际是,决定细胞开始合成何种蛋白质
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That feeling is caused by the capsaicin molecules in the peppers activating the capsaicin receptors on our tongue - the more capsaicin, the hotter the pepper.
VOA: standard.2010.05.04
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Most cells in your body have insulin receptors so insulin is starting to bind to insulin receptors on those cells.
体内大多数细胞中都有胰岛素受体,胰岛素就开始与细胞上的胰岛素受体结合
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These are molecules that exist naturally in cell membranes and are activated by certain enzymes and kinases generated by receptors.
这些分子存在于细胞膜表面,能被受体激活的某种酶或激酶所活化
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Many steroid hormones act because they bind to cellulars - to receptors that are deep within the cell, often inside the nucleus.
许多类固醇激素能够起效是因为,其与存在于细胞内部的受体相结合,这类受体通常在细胞核内
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What insulin is doing inside your body is acting as a ligand for insulin receptors which stimulate certain kinds of cellular responses.
胰岛素在体内的功能就是作为,胰岛素受体的配体,刺激产生某种细胞效应
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But in general, for each neurotransmitter that released it there would only be one population of receptors that's ready to receive it.
但总体说,每一种在此释放的神经递质,只能被一类受体接受
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The cell is going to experience something different inside because both receptors were activated instead of just one.
细胞内部将经历不同的生理过程,因为是两种受体被激活而不是一种
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When estrogen is present it can enter cells in the vicinity and it can bind to receptors that are deep inside cells.
雌激素能够进入到邻近的细胞中,并能够与细胞内部的受体相结合
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That general class of molecules is called receptors and its shown here just as a block of material living in the cell membrane.
这一类分子叫做受体,在这里看起来就像是,生活在细胞膜内的物质
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So, it interacts with receptors called insulin receptors that are on cells that are sensitive to insulin.
它与细胞表面胰岛素受体相互作用,这些细胞对胰岛素很敏感
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An example of a drug that works like that is the anti-cancer drug Tamoxifen which binds to estrogen receptors and blocks estrogen signaling.
这种药物的一个例子就是他莫昔芬,这是一种抗癌药,能够与雌激素受体结合,阻断雌激素信号通路
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What I want to do in here is just introduce some of the basic kinds of receptors.
我在这里想向你们介绍,几类基本的受体
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The rest of these examples refer to receptors as I've been describing them and ligands that are soluble and can move around the body.
我接下来要讲的有关受体,以及能游走于体内各处可溶性的配体
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Those receptors, some fraction of them, are specific for the ligand that the pre-synaptic cell releases.
这些受体 其中一部分,特异性地结合突触前细胞释放的配体
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This is - there are also other receptors that are linked to other enzymes besides kinases.
除了激酶以外,还有很多其他的受体,与酶相偶联
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We've identified many drugs that stimulate insulin receptors, for example, but they're not exactly insulin, and those can potentially be used as agonist type drugs.
我们已经设计了很多,能够激活胰岛素受体的药物,但它们都不是和胰岛素分毫不差的,但都可以用作激动剂类药物
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One useful thing about separating receptors into types or families is that we found that many different receptors work by the same basic underlying mechanism.
我们将受体进行分类的一个依据,就是我们发现,很多受体有相同的作用机制
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Another characteristic of the synapse is that the post-synaptic membrane, the membrane of the cell which is going to receive the signal has receptors on it.
突触的另一个特征是,它们都有一个突触后膜,这个膜上含有受体,可以接受信号
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Here, there are receptors on one cell and the ligand that they experience is not a dissolved molecule, but actually a molecule that's attached to another cell.
这个细胞上有许多受体,与之结合的配体并非是可溶性分子,而是一个附着在其他细胞上的分子
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This is a new concept, receptors don't have to be these molecules on cell surface, there can be receptors that exist in other places within the cell.
这是一个新概念,受体分子不一定只存在于细胞表面,它们也可以存在于细胞内其它地方
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We're going to talk about different classes of receptors in just a minute.
马上我们就会讲到不同种类的受体
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Much of the work that pharmaceutical companies do in terms of searching for drugs is searching for new ligands that activate receptors and create biological responses inside cells.
很多制药公司新药筛选工作的主要内容,就是寻找能够激活受体的,新型配体,并在细胞内部产生某种生物学效应
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Those receptors are more complicated than the ones we thought about before.
受体比我们原想的,复杂的多得多
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Today let's think about it more generally as ligands and receptors.
今天我们讲讲普遍意义上的配体和受体
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Now, the other thing to keep in mind is that for any cell there's not just one receptor on the cell, there are thousands, or hundreds of thousands of receptors.
我们要记住的另一点是,在细胞表面,不仅仅只有一个受体,而是有成千上万甚至更多的受体分子
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One class of them is beta-blockers, they bind to beta-adrenergic receptors, which are receptors that exchange information between your nervous system and the contractile system that beats your heart and that causes the heartbeat.
一类药物是β阻断剂,它们与β肾上腺素受体结合,这种受体能够在神经系统和,控制心跳的心肌收缩系统之间传递信息,从而产生心跳
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So, these are receptors, for example, that bind the ligand and then liberate an enzyme which promotes some sort of reaction inside the cell, often it's kinases but doesn't have to be.
例如,这里是受体,与配体相结合,激活一种酶,这种酶能够催化细胞内的某些反应,这些酶通常都是激酶,但不全是
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