So, these are receptors, for example, that bind the ligand and then liberate an enzyme which promotes some sort of reaction inside the cell, often it's kinases but doesn't have to be.

例如,这里是受体,与配体相结合,激活一种酶,这种酶能够催化细胞内的某些反应,这些酶通常都是激酶,但不全是

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One way that you could switch this on and off inside the cell is by taking off this phosphorous, proteins enzymes that do this opposite reaction, the opposite to kinases are called phosphokinases.

一种方法是通过去除磷酸基团,来改变细胞内蛋白的状态,催化添加磷酸基团,此逆反应的蛋白酶,能够催化逆反应的激酶叫做磷酸激酶

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

If that protein is an enzyme then you've and you've switched it from an 'off' position where it's not catalyzing a reaction to an 'on' position where it is, you've changed the biochemical state of the cell, you've changed the chemical reactions that can occur within the cell, and you've changed its behavior.

如果这种蛋白是一种酶的话,你就能够将酶从无催化作用的静息态,激活至能催化反应的激活态,你改变了细胞的生化状态,也改变了细胞内发生的化学反应,改变了细胞的行为

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选