Now the first law is going to hold in all of these steps, and we're going around in a cycle.

现在热力学第一定律,就蕴含在这所有的步骤里了，我们沿着这个循环走。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So we're going to go through a thermodynamic cycle, and here's what I want to calculate when we do this.

那么我们要推导,一个热力学循环,这是这个过程中我要计算的东西。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

It's the beginning of his Ring cycle and we're going to listen to this.

我们将要听的是开头部分。

耶鲁公开课 - 聆听音乐课程节选

This picture here, we're going to come back to this later in two weeks when we start talking about vaccines, and we're going to talk about how you make vaccines for viruses and so in doing that we're going to think about the life cycle of a virus.

看这幅图片,我们两周之内还会讲到这一内容,在开讲疫苗的时候,我们要讲讲怎么制作病毒疫苗,那时我们要,讲讲病毒的生命周期

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Of course there are lots of ways we can execute the cycle, but this is a simple one, and these are steps that we're all familiar with at this point.

当然循环过程,可以有很多种方法，这是一个简单的例子，这是循环过程,循环中的每一步我们都很熟悉。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And I wanted to do it a different way which is a little bit convoluted, but it introduces the idea of a thermodynamic cycle, and it's something that we're going to use a lot in the class.

现在我将用另一种,有些复杂的办法来推导这一关系，在这一过程中引入,我们今后会常接触到的,热力学循环的概念。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And now we're going to specify, we're going to do a Carnot cycle for an ideal gas.

我们具体地指定一个卡诺循环，这是理想气体。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And the cycle it's going to undertake is called a Carnot cycle, and it works the following way: we're going to do pressure volume work.

它的循环过程,叫做卡诺循环，过程如下：,这是个压强体积系统。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

We're going to close the cycle with another adiabatic step.

换一个,绝热过程。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

And then we're going to close the cycle.

然后我们让循环闭合。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

Now, I wanted to go to through this just to go through one cycle quickly because we're going to be doing these all the time, and the importance of the fact that the path doesn't matter, and you can always connect things together in a way, whatever you want.

我使用这种,利用热力学循环的推导方法的原因在于,今后我们，将经常使用类似的方法,大家要记住路径是无关紧要的，可以随意选取一条路径,来连接两个态。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

If you start with only one, you have two pieces of DNA, then you'll get 2 to the Nth fragments after N cycles because each cycle you're doubling the number.

如果你从仅仅一个DNA开始,你有两条DNA链,经过N次循环后,就得到二的N次方个DNA片段,因为每次循环都使其数量翻倍

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选