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Missus Graham had to decide if the paper would publish the stories and risk possible punishment by the government.
VOA: special.2009.04.26
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Is it true that animals need reinforcement and punishment to learn?
动物真的需要强化和惩罚才能进行学习吗？
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What is punishment? To be thrown out of Eden, to be thrown out of this isolated condition of perfection.
是什么样的惩罚,就是被赶出伊甸园,被剥夺了这种完美的世外桃源生活
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There was no money for rebuilding. To add to all these problems, radical Republicans in Washington were demanding severe punishment for the South.
VOA: special.2010.01.14
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And you don't have to be too careful or fine about gradations of punishment in the state of nature.
而且在自然状态中，你不必,对实施惩罚的程度太过小心。
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The tiger immediately jumped on him and tore him to pieces as punishment for his guilt.
VOA: special.2009.04.18
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Well you can read the story, it's in Numbers 20, the incident is described there. But the answer is still not entirely clear, it's not clear what Moses did that was so bad as to deserve this punishment.
你们可以阅读这个故事，在民数记20，讲述了这个事件,然而答案却仍然不是完全清楚的，摩西究竟做了什么,坏事才遭受这样的惩罚，还不完全清楚。
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One music expert said: "Your Cheatin' Heart" is so sad, it sounds like a judge sentencing somebody to a punishment worse than death itself."
VOA: special.2009.11.22
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If you violate the Hund Rule, you will have to talk about the appropriate physics punishment.
如果你违背了洪特定律，你将会考虑,接受一些物理惩罚。
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One evening, his mother sends him to his room without dinner as punishment for misbehaving.
VOA: special.2009.10.05
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And if you do that over the fullness of time, your reinforcement and punishment will give rise to a pig who walks forward.
如果你长时间的这么做，你的强化和惩罚,就会使这头猪形成向前走的行为。
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Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior.
VOA: special.2009.10.21
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The legal subject is the father; he has lost a child. So I have to suffer the literal punishment, as a father, I have to lose my child. Right?
法律主体是父亲，他失去了孩子，作为父亲，我也必须,遭受原义惩罚，失去我自己的孩子，对吧？
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But Professor Gaechter says his team's theory was that punishment has only low costs because it needs to be used rarely and works as a threat.
VOA: special.2009.03.03
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There is punishment and before you know it, everybody is insecure in the enjoyment of his or her unalienable rights to life, liberty, and property.
就能惩罚他，不知不觉间，所有人不可剥夺的生命，自由,和财产权都没了保障。
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The king permitted nothing to interfere with his great method of punishment and reward.
VOA: special.2011.01.15
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You'll sometimes see people refer to this as vicarious punishment.
有时候你会听到人们把它叫作替代惩罚。
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The other study explored whether punishment leads to greater cooperation among groups and individuals.
VOA: special.2009.03.03
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Crimes in the one realm cannot be compensated by punishment in the other realm. A crime in the realm of life/personal injury has to be compensated in the same realm. In the same way property crimes are not punished by death.
一个领域内的犯罪行为不能通过另一个领域的,惩罚来补偿，造成人身伤害的罪行必须在,同一领域内偿还，同样地，财产犯罪,不能被处以死刑。
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Some studies suggest that punishment can be too costly to be useful.
VOA: special.2009.03.03
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When it comes to humans, the notions of reward and punishment and so on that Skinner tried to extend to humans are so vague it's not science anymore.
说到人类，那些斯金纳试图应用于人类身上的,奖励和惩罚之类的概念,定义太过模糊,所以不能再当做科学来看待。
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We are all outraged that the punishment is something that is equal to a traffic accident.
VOA: standard.2010.06.10
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But in order to do so, you have to use terms like "punishment" and "reward" and "reinforcement" in such a vague way that in the end you're not saying anything scientific.
但如果你要这样去做，你就必须将惩罚，奖励“,强化之类的术语概念模糊化,最终你所作出的解释便毫无科学性。
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In the months ahead the Supreme Court will have an opportunity to render important judgments about gun rights, anti-terror laws, freedom of speech and punishment for juvenile criminals.
VOA: standard.2009.10.01
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That is to say,the reward of good behavior the admiration and the honor that a hero gets, and the most serious punishment he can suffer is to be shamed in front of that community.
也就是说,对正面行为的犒赏,就是得到如英雄般的尊敬和仰慕,而最严厉的惩罚,就是在集体面前当众蒙羞
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"These attack amounted to reprisals and collective punishment and constitute war crimes."
VOA: standard.2009.09.29
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Moral purity of persons can be achieved only by punishment for heinous sins: for example, the punishment of chirate, or cutting off, ; is a divine punishment of being extirpated from the House of Israel; death, alright, that's one way to be rid of moral impurity.
只有通过惩罚这些穷凶极恶的罪过,才能获得道德的纯洁，举个例子，切去身上的某部分，是一种连根拔去罪恶的惩罚方法;,死亡，当然也是摆脱道德不洁的一种方法。
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In addition,the nine justices will also hear arguments about whether sentencing juveniles to life in prison without paroles for crimes other than murder violates the constitutional ban against cruel and unusual punishment.
VOA: standard.2009.10.01
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And so, the behaviorist manifesto would then be to develop a science without anything that's unobservable and instead use notions like stimulus and response and reinforcement and punishment and environment that refer to real world and tangible events.
因此，行为主义者的目标,是建立一门科学,将一切不可观测的事情都排除在外,取而代之的是应用,诸如刺激，反应，强化，惩罚,以及表示现实世界和客观事件的环境,之类的概念来进行研究。
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Lois Fischbeck of Maryland came to urge the court to ban capital punishment, even though the justices are not scheduled to take on a particular case this term that would deal with the issue directly.
VOA: standard.2009.10.05
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