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Others believe it began with psychologists and psychiatrists who deal with how people think,feel and act.
VOA: special.2011.08.07
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And very interesting for positive psychologists, those concerned with wellbeing and happiness: their wellbeing and happiness levels were incredibly similar.
让积极心理学学者，和研究幸福和快乐的人，更感兴趣的是：,这些双胞胎的幸福和快乐水平非常相似。
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Behaviorism is a school of thought that was there long before Skinner, championed by psychologists like John Watson, for instance.
行为主义学派,远在斯金纳提出他的理论之前就已经存在，受到了众多心理学家的拥护,比如约翰·华生。
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This is something that psychologists have been talking about for over a hundred years Human attention is part of human intelligence.
这就是心理学家,谈了百年的原理,注意力是人类智慧的一部分
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Let me show you a quick excerpt from a video of one of my favorite psychologists, actually the commedian, Seinfeld.
我来放一段我最喜爱的心理学家之一的录影，其实是喜剧演员宋飞。
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By that I mean psychological framing, and there are many psychologists who talk about this, but notably Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky.
我指的是心理框架，有很多心理学家研究过这个问题，最著名的是丹尼尔·卡内曼和阿莫斯·特沃斯基。
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But I want to end this first real class with a bit of humility as to what psychologists know and don't know.
最后,作为第一堂教学课的结束,我还是想对心理学家们知道什么,不知道什么,保持一种谦虚的态度
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This refers to the fact that people- this sounds like something you probably already know but it has been documented by psychologists.
指的是人们...,照字面意思,可能你们已经猜到,心理学家已经证明了这一原理
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Research on subjective wellbeing-- the term that psychologists use to capture happiness essentially has been going on for very, very long time.
对幸福的研究-,心理学家用这个词来描述快乐,已经进行了很多年。
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And although some psychologists and philosophers think they've solved it, most of us are a lot more skeptical.
尽管一些心理学家和哲学家认为,他们已经解决了这个问题,但大多数仍持有怀疑的态度
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As far as I know, Skinner and Skinnerian psychologists were never directly involved in the creation of prisons.
据我所知，斯金纳和斯金纳行为主义心理学家们,从未直接参与过监狱的创建。
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To put it the way cognitive scientists and psychologists and neuroscientists like to put it, "The mind is what the brain does."
认知学家,心理学家,以及神经学家,总结道,"心理是大脑活动的产物"
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And psychologists have coined a term, talk about self-fulfilling prophesies, and the claim here more specifically is what's known as "the Pygmalion effect."
心理学家造了一个新术语，来讨论这种自我实现的预言，准确来说这个现象就是,皮格马利翁效应“
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For example, people tend to believe that their team will win; this has been documented by psychologists.
比如,人们倾向于相信他们支持的球队会赢,心理学家已经证明了这点
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Well, basically, the way to find that out is you ask people and people have--psychologists and sociologists have collected dream reports.
很简单，想知道就要问他们了,心理学家和社会学家,收集了梦境报告。
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Both his parents are psychologists and he hates these questions and at times he just screws around with us.
他的父母都是心理学家,他恨透了这些问题,所以他会时不时的忽悠我们一下。
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What psychologists don't really know is why the Lake Wobegon effect exists, and there are a couple of proposals.
但心理学家还不知道,为什么乌比冈效应会存在，目前有几个假设。
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How many psychologists or psychiatrists prescribe "? "run three times a week and see me in the morning"?
多少心理学家或精神科医生规定病人,“每周跑步锻炼三次，早上来见我？
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How many psychologists are familiar ? with this new emerging field of the mind and the body?
有多少心理学家了解,这个心理和生理的新领域？
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Philosophers and psychologists who fall under the constrained vision create them, philosophies and psychologies and institutions and systems to channel our flawed and imperfect nature.
执有这种观点的,哲学家和心理学家创造了它们，创建了人生哲学，心理学，各种机构和体系,来引导我们有缺点的不完美的人性。
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And when I talk on Wednesday about developmental psychology I'll show different ways in which psychologists have used habituation to study the minds of young babies.
等我们在周三探讨发展心理学时,我会向大家讲述心理学家们,应用习惯化,来研究婴儿心理的不同的方法。
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And developmental psychologists use many ingenious methods to try to pull these apart and try to figure out what are the basic components of human nature.
发展心理学家们使用了许多巧妙的方法,试图将这些因素分开,试图找出人性的基本成分,究竟是什么
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And it probably--One--There's--Evolutionary psychologists debate the function of why we talk funny to babies.
进化心理学家们在争论,我们为何要以如此好玩的方式来同婴儿讲话
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Well, as psychologists, what benefit does that-- does this way of analysis give us?
作为心理学家，受益之处在于-,这种分析方式让我们？
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Next week, social thought and social behavior, mysteries; basically, a series of topics that don't fit anywhere in the course and really make psychologists scratch their heads.
下节课我们将会讲社会思想,社会行为，神话;,基本上这一连串的话题,在本课程中属于杂七杂八的,而且让心理学家百思不得其解的。
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And the question that preoccupies developmental psychologists is how do we come to have this knowledge, and in particular, how much of it is hard-wired, built-in, innate.
发展心理学家们所关心的问题,就是我们如何获得这些知识的,特别是,这其中有多少是固有的,内在的,天生的
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Now, what they did was--they were clever psychologists so they set it up in a study where the people did not know sexual orientation was at issue.
他们都是聪明的心理学家,他们设计了一个实验,实验对象并不知道研究的是同性恋问题。
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One thing it's important for is clever developmental psychologists have used habituation as a way to study people, creatures who can't talk like nonhuman animals, and young babies.
原因之一就是,聪明的发展心理学家们将习惯化,作为研究人类，研究诸如非人类动物或是婴儿这样,无法进行言语表达的生物，的一种方式。
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Psychologists for decades had very good intentions about helping at risk population.
数十年来的心理学家都有很好的意愿,想帮助高危人群。
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But more interesting for psychologists was that their personality was incredibly similar.
让心理学家更感兴趣的是,他们的个性非常相似。
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