Neal Osawa wants to know about the concert promoter Bill Graham and his Fillmore music halls.

VOA: special.2010.12.03

When they make milk they have signals for turning on the betagalactoglobulin promoter and expressing the gene of interest.

泌乳的时候,β-乳球蛋白启动子受信号调控而开启,目的基因得以表达

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It might be a plasmid that contains a promoter that works in lung cells and that has the cystic fibrosis gene.

这个质粒带有,可以在肺细胞表达的启动子和正常基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

You're taking advantage of a promoter system, or a gene activation system, that this species knows about because adult animals can make milk.

我们之所以能利用这个启动子系统,或者称之为可以被这一物种识别的,基因活化系统,是因为成年动物可以泌乳

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We'll talk more about promoters as they go on, for now let's just assume that we have a promoter that works in this particular cell.

我们以后还会谈到更多有关启动子的知识,而现在就假设这个,特定的宿主细胞里有个启动子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

They put a gene like the insulin gene in place of the milk protein, but behind the promoter that is used to produce milk proteins.

人们将产羊奶蛋白的基因,换成了胰岛素基因,在启动子后面的基因,原本是编码羊奶蛋白的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It also has to have a promoter for the gene that the cells can recognize.

另外还必须带有,受体细胞能够识别的启动子

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now when we put insulin in this place behind the right promoter, the cell thinks that it still has the lacZ gene present which it needs for its metabolism.

现在我们把胰岛素基因,放在正确的启动子后面,宿主细胞就会认为,它仍然有新陈代谢所需的lacZ基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

The promoter in this case is called the lac promoter and normally in micro-organisms that lac promoter is used to produce a gene called lacZ which makes a protein called beta-galactosidase.

在这个例子中的启动子称作lac启动子,通常在微生物中,lac启动子是用来生成,一段叫lacZ的基因,这段基因,能制造一种蛋白叫β-半乳糖苷酶

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In this case the promoter, which is a sequence of DNA that is positioned right in front of the gene of interest, the promoter is the betagalactoglobulin promoter in this case, and betagalactoglobulin is a milk protein.

这里涉及到的启动子,也是一段DNA序列,它必须刚好位于目的基因序列前端,我们用到的是β-乳球蛋白启动子,β-乳球蛋白是乳汁中的一种蛋白

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

What we're going to do is take this plasmid, with its promoter gene construct in it and engineer it, to take out the lacZ gene, leaving in the promoter and putting in the protein that we want - the gene for the protein that we want.

我们要做的就是提取包含,它自己的启动子基因的质粒,并对其进行一些修改,剔除lacZ基因,留下启动子,把我们的目标蛋白植入--,我们生产目标蛋白的基因

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选