So, what we're looking at here is the force when we have two charged particles, one positive one negative -- here, the nucleus and an electron.

我们现在研究的是,一正一负俩个带电粒子之间的,作用力-在这里。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

And so we have a positive charge in the nucleus which is given by the number of protons.

在原子核上,有很多质子聚集而形成的正电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So even if we strip an atom of all of its electrons, we still have that same amount of positive charge in the nucleus.

所以即使把一个原子的所有电子都拿走,原子核还是带那么多的正电。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

OK, so all I do is I take into account that I've got all the positive charge, whatever it is, it's a nucleus.

我做的全部是考虑,我得到所有的正电荷，无论是什么，都是一个核。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, an electron has a charge of negative e, we've written here and the nucleus has a charge of positive e.

我们写在这，原子核带正e的电荷,我们看到作用力。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The total negative charge of the electrons is equal to the positive charge of the nucleus.

所有电子的负电荷,等于核的正电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

0 And it has a mass of 9.11 times 10 to the minus 31 kilograms The charge compensation comes out of the nucleus with the proton and it is positive 1.6 times 10 to the minus 19 coulombs.

它的质量是9。11乘以0,到负31千克,电荷补偿来自于,有质子的原子核,它是+1。6*10^库伦。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

So, shielding happens when you have more than one electron in an atom, and the reason that it's happening is because you're actually canceling out some of that positive charge from the nucleus or that attractive force with a repulsive force between two electrons.

所以当你们在原子中有多于一个电子,屏蔽就会发生，它之所以会发生的原因是,你们实际上抵消了,一些来自原子核的正电荷,或者来自吸引力,在两个电子之间。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So if we have total +2 and complete shielding -1 where that can actually negate a full positive charge, because remember our nucleus is plus 2, +1 one of the electrons is minus 1, so if it totally blocks it, all we would have left from the nucleus is an effective charge of plus 1.

抵消一个完全的正电荷,因为记住我们的原子核是,其中一个电子是,所以如果它完全挡住了它，我们从原子核中留下的，全部有效电荷就是，所以，在我们的第一个例子中,我们的第一种极端情况。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选