/2 You can have it equal to plus 1/2, and that's what we call spin up, 1/2 or you can have it equal to minus 1/2, which is what we call spin down.

它可能会等于，我们叫它自选朝上，或者它等于负，我们叫它自旋朝下。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

It's always a good first approximation, because you need to start somewhere in terms of drawing Lewis structures, but then if you go and figure out the formal charge and you just have lots of charge separation or very high charges, like a plus 2 and a minus 2 and a minus 1 all different places in the atom, what it should tell you is maybe there's a better structure.

它总是一个好的第一近似，因为在画路易斯结构的时候,你总需要一个起点，但是如果你在算出形式电荷之后,发现有很多电荷分开了,或者说有很高的电荷，比如有一个正二，一个负二，还有一个负一1,在原子的各个地方，这应该就是在告诉你,或许还有一个更好的路易斯结构。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

We can write out what it is for any certain atom or ion x, X so it's just x plus an electron gives us x minus.

我们可以用，X，来表示一个任意的原子或离子，因此可以写成，X，加一个电子等于负一价的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选