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Well, let's start by-- Plato starts by telling us, reminding us of what it is to remember something.
让我们从这里开始,柏拉图首先告诉我们,提醒我们什么是记起一件事情
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Because, after all, this isn't Plato saying, "Here's what I believe explicitly."
因为,毕竟柏拉图也没有说,这就是我明确相信的观点
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Error is not a poetic elaboration on things which somehow, as it does in Plato's view, undermines the integrity of that truth identified by philosophers.
错误并不是对事物一种诗化的详细阐释，正如柏拉图的观，这种阐释以某种方式削减了，被哲学家认同的真理，的诚实性。
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The Republic belongs to that period of Plato's work after his return to Athens, after the execution of Socrates.
理想国》即是柏拉图,在返回雅典后的作品之一，也就是在苏格拉底被处决之后。
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I mean, the Greeks didn't -- Plato's Symposium, all of these guys are sitting around having a drinking party.
我是说,希腊人不这样 --,在柏拉图的飨宴上,人们坐在那里举行酒宴
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Hughes tells us that Milton's thinking of Plato and that the Elder Brother is referring to the platonic theory that the noble spirit is released from the body after death.
休斯告诉我们，弥尔顿引用了柏拉图的东西,大哥用的是柏拉图的理论,人死后，高尚的灵魂将从身体释放出来。
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And the dialogue ends with one of the great moving death scenes in western civilization and as Plato says-- let's get the quote here exactly right-- "Of all those we have known, he was the best and also the wisest and the most upright."
然后对话以一个,西方文明史上最伟大感人的死亡场景结束,用柏拉图的话说,让我们引用的更准确些,在我们所知的所有人中,他是最好,最有智慧,最正直的人
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Plato's excessive emphasis on unity would seem to destroy the natural diversity of human beings that make up a city.
柏拉图过度地强调和谐,似乎会摧毁,构成城市的自然人性差异。
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And the answer--the short answer--is, Socrates, the character Socrates in the play, represents Plato, the author of the play's, philosophical views.
答案是,苏格拉底,即剧中苏格拉底的角色诠释了,戏剧作者自己的哲学观
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Plato's going to argue once we understand the sort of metaphysical nature of the soul, we'll see why it couldn't be destroyed.
柏拉图会为我们证明,一旦我们理解了灵魂的哲学本质,我们就会明白为什么不能摧毁灵魂
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Rousseau wrote in his Emile, "To get a good idea of public education," he says, "read Plato's Republic.
鲁索在《爱弥儿：论教育》中写到，“若要了解公共教育的全貌，就读柏拉图的《理想国》
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He gets to go up to Plato's heaven where he can have more direct contact with these things, with the forms.
他可以飞升至柏拉图的天堂,在那里他可以更直接地,接触到型相
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They don't necessarily represent in a systematic fashion Plato's worked out axiomatic views about the nature of philosophy.
它们不一定是很系统的,不是说柏拉图已经,提出了一套系统的哲学自然理论
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He begins in many ways by appearing to defend Plato's view about the rule of the best individual.
此为其正义，他一开始看似在捍卫,柏拉图的观点，即最优个体的统治。
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Plato's judgment seems to be "you need to reform yourself " before you can think about reforming others."
柏拉图的判断似乎是,“你必需自我改革,才能想到改革他人“
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That's why it will be worth taking some time to ask ourselves what about Plato's objections then.
这就是为什么值得,花时间研究柏拉图提出的反对观点。
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Think of that. And while you're thinking about it you can start reading Plato's Apology for Socrates which we will discuss for class on Wednesday.
想想这个问题，此外，你们可以开始,阅读柏拉图的《苏格拉底自辩篇》,我们将在周三的课堂上讨论。
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So we move to Plato's son, his adopted son, in a manner of speaking, Aristotle.
我们要开始讲柏拉图的儿子，他的养子，从某方面来说即亚里士多德。
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So, how do we know, if we've got this play, whose position is Plato's position?
那么,我们如何辨别,在戏剧中,谁代表柏拉图本人的立场呢
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I'll say, "Plato holds" Or "Socrates argues," because for our purposes it's all the same.
我会说,"柏拉图认为"或者"苏格拉底认为",因为就这门课的目的而言两种说法是等效的
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Well, Plato's very next argument attempts to persuade us that indeed we do have reason to believe that the soul is one of the prior-existing pieces.
柏拉图下面一个论证就试着,说服我们有理由相信,灵魂原来就是存在的
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Plato's actually going to give us some arguments for pretty much that same claim.
事实上柏拉图会给我们一些,相似的论据来证明
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But Plato's got the idea that there's nothing in this world that's perfectly beautiful.
但是柏拉图认为,世界上不存在完美的事物
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Starting next week, we're going to be looking at Plato's dialogue, the Phaedo.
从下周开始,我们要学习柏拉图的对话,斐多篇
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We could do the history of ideas and say, "Here's Plato's views.
我们可以做思想史研究,然后阐述说,这是柏拉图的观点
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In fact, much of modern political science is directed against Plato's legacy.
事实上，大部份现代政治科学的方针,都与柏拉图的传承背道而驰。
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In one of Plato's lesser known dialogues he makes a statement--the following statement, which I think shows both the typical arrogance of the Greeks and also says something true.
在柏拉图的一个不怎么出名的对话录中,他作了一个声明,以下是这些声明,我认为它们既是希腊人典型的傲慢的体现,又说到了一些事实
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But most of the objections to Plato's particular form of the philosophic kingship on the practicality of his idea.
但对柏拉图,特别形式之,哲学王权的异议,在其实践性。
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Raise the objection, that's Plato raises the objection in the voice of Cebes but Socrates, on Plato's behalf, never answers the objection.
提出反对观点是柏拉图,替赛贝斯提出的,但是苏格拉底，从没回应过这个反对观点。
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Maybe you might even say following Spinoza, that this is the core of Plato's theological political treatise here.
你也可能会学斯宾诺沙说，那是柏拉图的,核心神学政治论述。
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