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Raphael painted these people teaching and learning around the philosophers Plato and Aristotle.
VOA: special.2010.02.03
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To be sure, Machiavelli focuses on key aspects of political reality which are often ignored by thinkers like Plato and Aristotle.
事实上马奇亚维利所专注的,政治现实观点,是其它思想家所常遗漏,像柏拉图和亚里士多德。
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Plato and Aristotle give their own vision- the philosopher-king the great-souled man Megalopsychos or megalopsychos.
或政治家所应具备的特质，柏拉图与亚里士多德-,给出他们自己的愿景,哲学家国王，高尚灵魂的人。
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The ironic fact is, because the New Testament is considered more important by people, there are a whole lot more people who take my New Testament classes than go over to the Classics Department and take a course in Plato.
讽刺的是，由于人们认为新约更重要，所以在我新约课堂上的人,远远多于,在古典学系选修柏拉图的人。
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Well, Aristotle and Plato,both sort of theoreticians of the polis each had an idea what's the right size for the perfect polis.
亚里士多德和柏拉图,这两位精于城邦理论的理论家对此各执己见
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And so it might well be that Plato himself recognized that the initial arguments aren't as strong as they need to be.
所以说不定柏拉图认识到,最初的论点,并不是他所需要的那样强有力
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I'm including here people like Aristotle and Plato, Hume, Locke, Freud and Skinner.
我所说的这些学者包括了,亚里士多德,柏拉图,休莫,洛克,弗洛依德以及斯金纳
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When Plato writes his Republic and devotes Book Ten, as I'm sure most of you know, to an argument in effect banishing the poets from the ideal republic, part of the argument is that poets are terrible imitators.
当柏拉图写《理想国》和《第十卷》的时候，你们肯定都听过这两部著作，他提出了一个一个论点，要把诗人从理想国中驱逐出境，他提到，诗人都是拙劣的仿造者。
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In any way, this story helps to underscore some important differences between Plato and Aristotle.
但这个故事的确,深刻地强调了一些重要的,介于柏拉图与亚里士多德之间的差别。
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We have in Plato's own words here, the way he viewed politics and his reasons for his political philosophy.
我看到了柏拉图自述，他对政治的观点,以及他对自己政治哲学的理解。
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Political philosophy is the oldest of the social sciences and it can boast a wealth of heavy hitters from Plato and Aristotle to Machiavelli Hobbes Hegel Tocqueville Nietzsche and so on.
政治哲学是社会科学中,最古老的学科,且会触及大量重棒人物,从柏拉图，亚里士多德到马奇亚维利，贺伯斯,及黑格尔，托克维尔，尼采等人。
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We continue to ask the same questions that were asked by Plato Machiavelli Hobbes and others.
我们持续提出相同的问题,就像柏拉图，马奇亚维利，贺伯斯,及其它人当时提出时一样。
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He was sent to Athens " to study at The Academy, the first university, spoke about and established by Plato.
他被送到雅典,就读于，“柏拉图学院，首座大学，由柏拉图建立与主讲。
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So on that I'm going to end today and next time we will talk about justice, the philosophers and Plato's discovery of America.
今天，我要以此作结,下次我们将谈到正义、,哲学家及透过柏拉图探索美国。
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Almost immediately after the trial of Socrates, Plato left Athens and traveled extensively throughout the Greek world.
苏格拉底审判后的当下，柏拉图离开雅典,广泛地的游走于希腊世界。
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Plato's next argument then tries to deal directly with this worry, and it's quite an interesting argument.
柏拉图下一个论证试图,直接应对这种担心，而且这个论证很有意思。
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Plato undertook three long and dangerous voyages to Sicily in order to advise the King Dionysius.
柏拉图三度冒险渡海至西西里岛,只为向戴奥尼索斯王献策；
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Plato, as a dualist, portrays Socrates as being a dualist and that's just taken for granted.
作为一个二元论者,柏拉图理所当然地,把苏格拉底塑造成一个二元论者
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But his question is still one that lingers and one that Plato includes for a purpose.
但他的问题仍萦回不散,且柏拉图是因为一个目的来加以收录。
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Plato's critique of Homeric poetry in the Republic is two-fold; it is both theological and political.
柏拉图在《理想国》中,批评荷马诗学有两层含意;,同时是有关神学与政治学。
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And, in a sense, one could say maybe this is not Plato's last word, I mean why does Socrates choose to stay and drink the hemlock?
或者也可以说，这并非柏拉图的结论，我是说为何苏格拉底,选择停留并服下毒参？
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And this is precisely the opposite of the tyrant who Plato describes as a person of limitless desires who lacks the most rudimentary kind of governance, namely self-control.
而这正是对比于专制,即柏拉图形容中,拥有无限欲望的人,他们缺少最基本的管理，或说自控。
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For Plato, it would seem, the study of politics was always bound up with deeply philosophical and speculative questions, questions of metaphysics, questions of the structure of the cosmos.
对柏拉图而言，那会看似学习政治学,永远是会深刻地,和哲学式与思索类的问题连结在一起，形上学的问题，宇宙结构的问题。
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And yet Plato continues to not appear in the dialogue.
而且,柏拉图一直没有在对话篇中现身
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And as I say, Plato gives us a word, "Ideas."
我说过,柏拉图给出了一个词,理念
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Yeah, this is not a bad time for me to remind you that in one of Plato's dialogues, Socrates says the Greeks sit like frogs around a pond and that pond is the Aegean Sea.
下面引用一下,柏拉图记录的一段对话,苏格拉底说希腊地形,就像一群青蛙围着一个池塘,而那池塘就是爱琴海
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The institutional and educational requirements of Plato's Republic share many features with a place like Yale.
柏拉图《理想国》的制度,与教育条件特色,有许多方面和耶鲁是共通的。
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But for now, what I want to do is talk about Plato's democracy and ours.
接下来，我想要谈的是,柏拉图与我们的民主。
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So for our purposes, let's suppose Plato was right about that and ask, what follows?
所以为了我们的目的,让我们假设柏拉图是对的,然后呢
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It's not as though Plato himself spelled it out with premises and conclusions like that.
柏拉图并没写出来,像这样罗列出前提和结论。
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