Again, these plasmids occur naturally in nature; they were discovered particularly in micro-organisms have plasmids that confer biological properties onto them.

此外,质粒存在于自然界中,质粒是在微生物中发现的,它们也赋予了微生物一些生物学特性

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Well, I talked about the problem of using plasmids in gene therapy, that it's very difficult to get them into cells.

我们之前讨论过,基因治疗中运用质粒的问题,质粒本身极难进入细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

One of the things about these plasmids that makes them very useful is that their entire base pair sequences is known.

质粒之所以有用,其中一个原因就是,它的全部碱基序列都是已知的

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So what you get on the plate is many copies of the small number of plasmids that you've put in.

我们只要放入少量质粒,就能在培养基上得到大量的复制品

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Hopefully each one of those cells is containing one or more of the plasmids that you're interested in and those are being copied as well.

如果顺利的话每个细菌里都含有,一个或更多我们所感兴趣的质粒,而它们也正在被复制

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

So having a place that the cell knows - where the cell knows how to replicate is important and so plasmids have an origin of replication.

所以得有一个细胞能识别的区域,能使细胞知道,怎样来复制 这很重要,因此质粒上带有一个复制起点

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

In this particular example here we're exposing these plasmids to bacterial cells.

我举一个特别的例子,我们把这些质粒暴露给细菌

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This is the slide that I left on last time and the idea here was to use plasmids, which I talked about last Thursday, to introduce genes into animals.

这是我上节课没讲完的一张幻灯片,这里的思路是利用,上周四所讲过的质粒,以将基因导入动物体内

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

This is one of the biological properties, the naturally occurring properties of plasmids, is that they exist in microbial populations and they confer on them resistance from toxins that would ordinarily kill them.

这就是这类生物学特性之一,它是质粒所具有的自然特性,这些质粒存在于微生物群体中,并赋予微生物抗性,使它们免于被毒素杀死

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Now one of the big advantages of plasmids,I already mentioned, is that you can take this plasmid and a plasmid is one - you can think of it as a highly tuned machine for copying itself.

质粒的一个很大优势,我提到过,是你可以用这个质粒,而质粒是一个--,你可以把质粒想成,一个高度调谐的自我复制的机器

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

I'm going to start by talking about a very specific and interesting form of double stranded DNA called a plasmid and plasmids occur in nature.

我要从一种十分特殊,并有趣的双链DNA开始,这种双链DNA被称为质粒,它在自然界就存在

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

that means that the cells have to be able to replicate the DNA on the plasmids, in order to make many more copies of it.

就是说这些细胞要能够,复制质粒上的DNA,以得到更多的拷贝

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Plasmids turn out to be one of the most powerful and simplest examples of a vector, what's called a vector for delivering DNA into a cell.

质粒被证实是最强大,且最简单的载体形式之一,载体负责将DNA转入细胞

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选