This is a signal - this passing of phosphorous - is a signal that's used very frequently in intracellular communication.

这是一种信号,一种通过磷酸来传递的信号,这种信号在细胞内通讯时经常被用到

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

We told you that phosphorous has 5 valence electrons plus 3 from each of the hydrogens, so we have a total of 8 valence electrons.

我告诉过你们磷有5个价电子,另外氢有3个，所以我们一共有8个价电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Well, imagine if that change in structure could be switched on and off by addition of a phosphorous; and in fact it can in many proteins.

那么,想象一下,只需引入磷酸基团,就能导致蛋白质的结构发生变化,事实上很多蛋白质就是如此

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It can 'phosphorylate' or add a phosphorous to another protein.

它能够磷酸化蛋白,也就是给其他蛋白分子上添加磷酸基团

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

Some proteins can be switched from an 'off' position where they don't do anything to an 'on' position where they now do something by only a chemical reaction like this where a phosphorous is added.

一些蛋白质可以从关闭状态的,无所作为,到成为开启状态后,执行某种功能,中间只发生了一个引入磷酸基的化学反应

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Another family is receptor tyrosine kinases, I'll show another picture in a moment that tells you more about what a kinase is, but a kinase is basically an enzyme that can add a phosphorous to another molecule.

另一类是酪氨酸激酶受体,马上我给你们看另一张图,这张图会更详细地告诉你们激酶是什么,激酶是一种能够,向其他分子上添加磷酸基团的酶

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

It performs a chemical reaction on the protein, taking a phosphorous from ATP and moving that phosphorous onto the protein.

它能够催化蛋白参与如下反应,即将ATP上的一个磷酸基团,转移到蛋白质上

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选