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But what the Greeks spent most of their time doing was fighting each other, one hoplite phalanx against another hoplite phalanx.
但是希腊人在大部分时间里都是方阵对抗,一个步兵方阵和另外一个步兵方阵对垒
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You got seven guys behind you; that's not even an option and that's a very important aspect of the phalanx.
你后面有七个战友,这甚至没有选择,而这也是方阵非常重要的一个方面
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Of course, the Greeks only allowed men to fight in the phalanx, but we are much more elevated than that.
当然,希腊人的方阵中只允许男人参战,但我们比那时可开化多了
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You would have made your phalanx as deep as you could, and once you had the width established. Yeah?
一旦你确定了方阵的宽度,你会将你的方阵布置得尽可能深,请讲
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So, I could ask any of you who have the courage to come forward and fight in my phalanx? Nobody?
所以,我斗胆请问,在座哪位有胆量上来,为我的方阵效力,没人吗
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The Greeks, as far as I know, did not allow anybody to be left handed in a phalanx; think about the problem.
希腊人,据我所知,在方阵里中不允许有左撇子,思考下这个问题
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This has been one of the major reasons for explaining the function of the phalanx as I will explain it to you.
而我下面所要解释的方阵的作用,也就是问题的答案
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Actually, those guys would be useful, not so much, hardly at all during the scrum of the phalanx, but should one side be retreating.
尽管远程兵种的作用有限,尤其是双方混战时几乎形同虚设,但当一方撤退时,他们的作用就显现了
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Well, you got to realize that much of the time, until the phalanx breaks, there's not a lot of killing that can go on.
你要知道,在方阵被打乱前的大部分时间里,不会有太多的伤亡
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So, the guys in the back turn and run, which is the only thing you can possibly do once you feel our phalanx is broken.
然后,后面的人转过身去,夺路而逃,当你感到方阵快要被打散时,你唯一可能做的就是逃跑
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A phalanx understood in this way only makes sense if you imagine very close order.
而只有在士兵们站得非常紧密的情况下,方阵才能有实战意义
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There's just one more thing you need to know about this phalanx mode of fighting.
关于这种方阵模式的战斗,还有一点需要你们知道
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You never really hear of Joe Blow who killed thirty-four guys in the phalanx.
你从没听说过,张三或者李四,在方阵中手刃三十四名敌人
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And so the big issue is -- this is what you must never do, but this is what you got to do if your phalanx is broken.
所以现在的大问题是,这也许是你在战场上永远不能做的事,但你在方阵被打散时不得不这么干
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I'll say a little bit about that, when I get through with phalanx.
讲完方阵以后,我会稍微提一下
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That means, you never want to be away from your phalanx.
这意味着你永远不希望离开方阵
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The style of warfare that emerges in this period, apparently for the first time, is what we call the hoplite phalanx and each half of that needs to be explained.
显然,这个时期第一次出现了,一种独特的战争形式,那就是重步兵方阵,我来给大家分别解释下这两个词
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You had to stick somebody with this hoplite phalanx sword.
所以在攻击的时候,必须得刺杀敌人
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So that is what we mean by the hoplite phalanx.
这就是我们所说的重步兵方阵的含义
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Anything else on the mechanics of our phalanx? Yes?
对我们这个方阵还有什么问题吗,请讲
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Not everybody gets to fight in the hoplite phalanx.
并不是谁都能在方阵中参与战斗的
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However, there are light arm troops made up of those too poor to be in the phalanx, who do use projectiles and the projectiles are arrows, javelins, or stones thrown by slings.
然而的确有轻装部队,由没法进入方阵的穷人组成,他们使用投掷武器,包括弓箭,投枪,或者绳索绑着的石头
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A hoplite only makes sense in a phalanx.
重装步兵是为了方阵才存在的
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That's what you need for a phalanx, because to maintain the integrity of the hoplite line, you can't have bumps and grooves, and trees and rivers in the way; it will break things up.
而是方阵作战所必备的条件,为了维持重装步兵队列的完整性,就不能在坑坑洼洼,有树林有河流的地方布阵,这会把方阵打散
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So seriously, you fortunate Yalies, that they will be here on April 9 and 10 of 2008, an international conference on the subject of the hoplite phalanx and the emergence of the city state.
你们这些幸运的耶鲁学生们,2008年4月9日到10日将会看到,关于重步兵方阵和城邦起源话题的,国际会议
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There were previous examples of people trying to have a deep wing that would do things, but if you take me back to my primitive phalanx here about 600-650 they're not doing that stuff yet.
先前有例子,人们会在布阵时增加两翼的排数,如果再回到我这里的原始方阵,公元前六百到六百五十年的方阵,不会采取这种方式
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You can't fight as a hoplite, in other words, unless you can afford to pay for your equipment and that excludes a goodly number of citizens who are too poor to fight in the phalanx.
换句话说,你不能加入步兵方阵,除非你自己能出钱买装备,这样有相当多的公民,会因为贫穷无法在方阵中战斗
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By that view, the phalanx would have come into being somewhere between about 700 and 650 B.C., which is to say after the earliest poleis are in business, and according to this interpretation, you really have them growing up together.
根据那个观点,方阵是在公元前七百年到,公元前六百五十年间出现的,也就是在最早的城邦形成之后,根据这个说法,这二者是同时发展起来的
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I'm going to start out today's talk by giving you what has been the standard and orthodox interpretation of how the hoplite phalanx worked, which, I think, again Hanson has given us the clearest and most useful account.
我们今天所要讲解的,是对重装步兵方阵是如何运行,这一景象最标准最正统的阐释,我觉得,汉森给了我们一个,最清晰,最实用的解释
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The most extreme critics of the traditional point of view would say over centuries, that you don't get the full-blown hoplite phalanx that I will be describing to you, even until you get the fifth century B.C.
对传统观点批判最激烈的一种观点,认为这一新型战术,是经过数百年,甚至到了公元前五世纪,才逐渐发展成熟的
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