For the carbon, we start with 4 valence electrons, we have 0 lone pair electrons minus 4, and we end up with a formal charge of 0.

对于碳，我们从四个价电子开始，我们有零个孤对电子，再减去四，最终我们有零个形式电荷。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

But because there's this lone pair here, it's pushing down on the other bonds, 5° so we end up with an angle of less than 109 . 5 degrees.

但因为这里有孤对，它会把其它键向下压，所以键角会小于109。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

But days three and six each have an extra element, And the fact that the first elements here pair up nicely with each other suggests that the extra element on day three and the extra element on day six might also be paired in some important way.

但是第三天和第六天都有一个附加的因素，首要的因素就是这些事物都完美地匹配,这表明，第三天的附加因素,也应该与第六天的附加因素在重要的方面相匹配。

耶鲁公开课 - 旧约导论课程节选

Conversely, if I chose a Beta and my pair chooses an Alpha, so I end up with a C and she ends up with an A, then you know I have a bad time explaining to my parents why I got a C in this class, and I have to say about how I'm going to be president anyway.

相反如果我选β我对手选α,我得到C她得到了A,我回家后很难跟父母,解释为什么我只得到了C,然后我还得表示下雄心壮志

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So if we still have an angle of a 109 . 5 degrees, and again, we still have four unpaired electrons available for bonding, we can make one of those bonds with another s p 3 hybridized carbon, so we're going to make up one pair here.

如果键角仍然是109。,同样，我们还有4个未配对的电子可以用来成键，我们可以用其中的一个,和另外一个sp3杂化碳原子成键，这样我们可以组成一对。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, using our simple valence bond theory, what we would expect is that we want to pair up any unpaired electrons in methane with unpaired electrons from hydrogen and form bonds.

利用简单的价电子成键理论，我们预计,要把所有甲烷中没有配对的电子,和氢原子中没有配对的电子配对来形成键。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选