And if we put that in our bond here, we have 1, 2, 3 bonds, plus we have one lone pair left over.

如果我们把它们放到键里，我们有1，2，3个键，还剩下一对孤对在这里。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

If these bonds were all completely of equal distance apart, whether is was a lone pair or bonding electrons, 5° the angles would be 109 . 5 degrees.

如果不管它是孤对，还是成键，它们等距分开的话，键角是109。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

What you used to do is, every six months you'd pull out your bonds and you'd clip the coupons with a pair of scissors; you take them to a bank and they would give you cash for your coupons.

过去,你每六个月从你的债券上,用剪刀剪下息票,把它拿到银行,用息票兑换现金

耶鲁公开课 - 金融市场课程节选

But because there's this lone pair here, it's pushing down on the other bonds, 5° so we end up with an angle of less than 109 . 5 degrees.

但因为这里有孤对，它会把其它键向下压，所以键角会小于109。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So, using our simple valence bond theory, what we would expect is that we want to pair up any unpaired electrons in methane with unpaired electrons from hydrogen and form bonds.

利用简单的价电子成键理论，我们预计,要把所有甲烷中没有配对的电子,和氢原子中没有配对的电子配对来形成键。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So if we still have an angle of a 109 . 5 degrees, and again, we still have four unpaired electrons available for bonding, we can make one of those bonds with another s p 3 hybridized carbon, so we're going to make up one pair here.

如果键角仍然是109。,同样，我们还有4个未配对的电子可以用来成键，我们可以用其中的一个,和另外一个sp3杂化碳原子成键，这样我们可以组成一对。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选