The boundary is impervious to transfer of heat like a thermos Anything that happens inside of the thermos is an adiabatic change because the thermos has no connection in terms of energy to the outside world.

边界不能传递热量,像热水瓶一样,热水瓶里发生的任何事,都是绝热变化,因为热水瓶与外部世界,没有能量方面的联系。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

It's a switch that from outside can be used to change the life of a cell.

这种来自外源的变化能够改变细胞的状态

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

All right. Second question: or maybe a better way of saying this, and the general format you're likely to see here is, a test involving a variable name, which must be initialized outside of the loop, and which interior to the loop gets changed, so that the test is going to change.

好，第二个问题：,换种更好的方式来说吧，你们通常喜欢的,方式是，这个测试涉及到一个变量名字，变量在循环外已经被初始化，然后循环内部会改变这个变量的值，因此测试结果会改变。

麻省理工公开课 - 计算机科学及编程导论课程节选