He says the agency currently has twenty-eight projects working in astrobiology, or the study of life in outer space.

VOA: special.2010.05.25

So the 3 s 1, or any of the other electrons that are in the outer-most shell, those are what we call our valence electrons, and those are where all the excitement happens.

它们是经常发生激发情况的,那也是我们所看到，我们称之为价电子，它们是经常发生激发情况的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

So let's do a quick clicker question, and you tell me how many valence electrons does fluorine have? Remember, valence electrons are different from core, they're only the outer-most electrons in the outer-most shell.

那么让我们来做一个小选择题，请大家来告诉我,氟有多少个价电子，要记得，价电子与芯电子不同，它们是在最外壳层的最靠外面的电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Some scientists have called Jupiter the protector of the inner planets and our own Earth -- from objects from the outer solar system.

VOA: special.2009.08.25

You can go in outer space-- No, it won't move very much.

你能到外太空去,是的,它不能跑得太远

耶鲁公开课 - 基础物理课程节选

An up-and-comer who's now a down- and-outer. Do you remember that scene in the back of the car with his brother Charlie a small time racket guy?

VOA: special.2009.11.30

And remember, we're only talking about valence electrons, so the outer-most shells.

要记得，我们讨论的只是价电子，也就是最外层的电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

But too often their cry for help has sounded hopelessly against the outer walls, while others -- less deserving -- find easy entrance to the halls of Congress.

VOA: special.2010.06.24

This should make a lot of sense, because we know that a hydrogen has 1 s as it's outer-most or valence orbital, so it can be filled up just with two 1 s electrons.

这也是很合理的，因为我们,知道氢只有，1，s，轨道,这就是它最外层的轨道或者说价轨道，因此只要两个，1，s，电子就可以将它填满。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

The green-eyed monster is not a frightening creature from outer space.

VOA: special.2010.05.23

So basically, that means one electron in an s orbital in their outer-most most shell.

因此基本上,这意味着那个在，s，轨道上价电子是最外层的。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Qi Sun explains that the loss of the fiber-rich outer layer allows starch to be absorbed more quickly into the body.

VOA: standard.2010.06.25

Core electrons are all those electrons held in really tight with the nucleus in the inner shells, whereas the valence electrons are only those electrons that are in the outer-most shell, or at your highest value of n of the principal quantum number.

芯电子是那些,在内壳层被原子核束缚得非常紧的电子，而价电子只包括,最外层的电子，或者说主量子数，n，的值最大的那些电子。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

During the two-and-a-half hour moon walk, the astronauts frolicked in the weightlessness of outer space and planted an American flag in the lunar surface.

VOA: standard.2009.07.16

So what I want to point out when you're kind of looking at these numbers here, what the significance is, look at that huge difference between what the ionization energies are for what we call those valence electrons, -- those outer shell electrons, those are core electrons there.

我在这里想要指出的是,当大家在看这些数字的时候，最重要的是，要看到这些,巨大的差异,看到所谓价电子，即外层电子的电离能与，1，s，轨道，电离能之间的巨大差异。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Both Melvin and Satcher say they hope there will be many more African-American space explorers inspired by what they've accomplished, not only in outer space but on Earth.

VOA: standard.2010.02.02