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He says when it comes to saving energy and money, big changes start with small steps like turning out the lights.
VOA: special.2010.03.22
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So if I worry about energy I have a pretty good chance of extracting out these heat capacities, right, and I don't have to worry about exactly which path and I can really mix things up.
而能量与热容有密切的关系,从能量就可以就算出这两个热容，我不需要考虑到底是哪一条路径,可以随意计算。
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I alluded to this a little bit in the first class about how humans have evolved to seek out energy because famine was the largest threat is one example of this.
第一节课的时候我提到了,人类是如何演化以便寻找能量,因为饥荒是最大的威胁,这是其中一例
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She said children would "look out the window of their family car and see that clean energy is part of their lives."
VOA: special.2009.06.19
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Instead, we have a certain energy, we have certain geometric constraints, we have a certain energy constraint and these fall out.
然而，我们有确定的能量，我们有某些几何约束，我们有某些能量约束。
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As you can imagine, the deeper the earthquake goes, the more of the energy is attenuated or spread out as it goes toward the surface.
VOA: standard.2010.01.13
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So I've sort of just spread out what we have as the second row here, graphed against the ionization energy.
所以我将第二行的情况,在这里展了，纵坐标是电离能。
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They are diffuse,dispersed,spread out instead of concentrated the way that fossil energy was.
VOA: standard.2010.04.21
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So, in a sense, it says, you know, if you wanted to build a boat that took energy out of the warmth of the air to sail around the world, you can do that.
因此，某种意义上说，它宣称如果你想要造一艘船,通过从空气中获取热量,这是可以做到的。
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And last June,says Sittenfeld, the House passed the American Clean Energy and Security Act, the first bill out of either chamber of Congress to directly take on the challenge of global warming.
VOA: standard.2010.02.25
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But the mathematicians told Dirac, "You cannot ignore the negative energy solution because it tells you there's a second solution and you cannot throw them out."
但数学家们告诉狄拉克,你不能忽略负的能量,因为数学告诉我有两个根,你不能随便丢掉
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Among its goals,the resolution aims to strengthen the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), to keep nuclear materials out the hands of terrorists, and to ensure the development of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes.
VOA: standard.2009.09.24
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With the United States quite isolated, not reaching out to Canada and Mexico, which is one thing we need to be doing for energy and economic reasons.
而美国则被孤立了，不和加拿大，墨西哥打交道，事实上这是我们现在该做的,为了能源问题和经济发展。
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National and state governments around the world have been trying out various incentives and subsidies to promote clean renewable energy but the global economic slowdown has hurt the ability of many governments to dole out public funds.
VOA: standard.2010.03.23
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First we can do that by knowing the electron configuration, we can write it out just by going up the table here, up the energy levels.
首先我们知道了电子构型，我们可以从，能量最低处开始填。
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Therefore,we would not be committed to any of this." A hardline Iranian member of parliament,Mohammed Karamirad, warned Saturday that Tehran could pull out of negotiations with the International Atomic Energy Agency or stop it from inspecting Iran's nuclear facilities.
VOA: standard.2009.11.28
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And if we experimentally know z what the ionization energy is, we actually have a way to find out what the z effective will be equal to.
我们实际上就有了一个办法,去找出有效的，等于多少,我们可以使用这里的方程。
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"The next thing is to work out how technology can be transferred from rich countries to poor countries and this will involve things like investment in renewable energy, investment in wind power and solar, investment in more efficient power stations,"
VOA: standard.2009.11.04
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And in this case we're going to look at silicone, and we'll say if you can point out to me which requires the least amount of energy.
这次我们要做的是关于硅的，我们来看看大家是不是,能够为我指出那一项需要消耗的能量最少。
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So when you operate on the wave function, what you end up with is getting the binding energy of the electron, and the wave function back out.
所以当你将它作用于波函数时，你得到的是电子的结合能,和后面的波函数。
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The electron's going to come out of that highest occupied atomic orbital, that one that's the highest in energy, because that's going to be the at least amount of energy it needs to eject something.
这个电子应该是从,最高的被占据轨道上出来的，它的能级是最高的，因为这样的话发射出它,只需要消耗最少的能量。
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So, if we want to think about what the first ionization energy is of boron, what you want to do is write out the electron configuration, because then you can think about where it is that the electron's coming out of.
如果我们要考虑,硼的第一电离能，你首先要做的是写出它的电子排布，因为在这之后,你才能知道拿走的是哪里的电子。
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So what we'll start with today is talking about the technique that's primarily used to actually experimentally figure out what these different energy levels are.
因此，我们今天首先要讨论的就是,最常用来在实验上,确定不同能级的技术。
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For instance, you want to know how much energy you're going toget out from doing this expansion.
比如，你想知道在这个膨胀过程中,到另一个平衡态的路径。
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So, what we can do is figure out what we would expect the binding energy of that electron to be in the case of this total shielding.
完全屏蔽的案例中,期望的电子结合,能再次记住,结合能物理上来说是。
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So in the case of 12 32, that is our highest kinetic energy, it's the smallest amount of energy it takes to pop an electron out of that orbital.
因此，1232是我们能够得到的,最高的动能，它是从这个轨道中,打出一个电子需要消耗的最低能量。
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It makes sense that it's going to come out of the highest occupied atomic orbital, because that's going to be the lowest amount of energy that's required to actually eject an electron.
从最高占据轨道上,去掉一个电子是合理的，因为这样是发射一个电子,所损失的最低能量。
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So if we can figure out the binding energy, we can also figure out how much energy we have to put into our atom in order to a eject or ionize an electron.
所以如果我们可以计算出结合能，我们也可以计算出,我们需要注入多少能量到原子中,去逐出或电离一个电子。
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But what I'm going to tell you already is this is a case where, in fact, it's an exception to the idea that the lowest energy structure has the lowest ionization energy in the middle, and we can figure this out when we look at formal charge.
但是我已经告诉大家这个例子，实际上，是中心原子电离能最低的结构,的能量最低这一思路的一个例外，我们可以通过形式电荷看出这一点。
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So we can figure out the energy of each photon emitted by our UV lamp by saying e is equal to h c over wavelength.
所以我们可以计算出,每个从紫外光源射出的光子,也就是e等于h乘以c除以波长。
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