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President Obama says the U.S.tax code is cheating the United States out of good-paying jobs and badly needed funds.
VOA: standard.2009.05.04
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> So for anything that's not printf, you have to write out code?
>，对于不是打印输出的，你需要写出代码吗？
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Why are you, like, writing out code?
你们为什么写代码？
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So I'm going to comment those out, and let's go down to this piece of code, and uncomment it.
那么我会把这些注释上，让我们看看这段代码，取消注释。
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I think it's really, really important to write it out or to draw it out or to code it.
我觉得将点子写出来，画出来，编制出来,真的很重要。
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Just like people have a genetic code, perhaps, that gives us various instructions that we begin to follow out, or certain innate psychology or what have you.
就像人类拥有基因编码,给我们传达各种各样,得以遵循的指示,或者是某种与生俱来的心理,等等等等
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We want to write a piece of code that helps these guys out, so I'm going to show you an example.
通过写一段代码,来解决一个这样的问题，接下来让我们来看个例子。
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Well I ought to be able to do that by simply generalizing the loop. And that's what the next piece of code on your a hand out shows you.
好的通过生成这个循环,我应该能够达到目的,这也是你们的讲义中下一段代码。
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It's deliberate that a lot of the examples in lecture are fairly short and bite-size so that you can actually focus on pulling out the key ideas without getting distracted by line and lines of code.
很多的演讲中的例子,是短小的,因此你们可以集中于提取其中的主要思想,而不是被一行行的代码给分心。
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If somewhere later on in the code it shifts to string, I might not be manipulating that and getting actual values out, but not what I wanted, and it's going to be really hard for me to chase it back.
然后后面的一些代码,把变量类型变为了字符串，我可能不会通过实际操作,去取得实际的变量的类型，但是这并不是我想要的类型,而且对我来说把类型，变回去也很困难。
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So, we'll talk about this other axis of style on the course, writing code that looks pretty and as well aesthetically laid out.
我们来讨论一下这个中心对称的程序，这程序写出来的结果很漂亮,完全按照美学角度摆放。
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And, in fact, it kind of looks like a function, and yet here's a semicolon I just said that can get you into trouble, and yet that's not actually a function, because there's no interesting lines of code, because it turns out the interesting code is down here at the bottom.
实际上，它有点像一个函数，并且这里有一个能够使你陷入麻烦当中的分号,那个事实上也不是一个函数，因为这里没有有用的代码，因为,有用的代码都在底端。
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Anytime you find yourself in this pattern, odds are, what you're doing is a candidate for being factored out, hierarchal decompositions is the buzzword you'd see in the textbooks if you're following along with any of them, but it's really just the idea of taking out common code and putting it into just one place.
任何时候你发现你处于这种模式中，可能，你所做的东西是可以提取改进的，体系分解是一个你在课本中看到的流行词,如果你遵循其中一个,这个实际上是一个把相同的代码,放到一个地方的思想。
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OK, let me comment this out, and let's look at this next little piece of code. All right.
好，让我添加一点注释，然后让我们看看,下面的一些代码，好。
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Right, so here's a little piece of code that's going to print out the smallest value of three.
好，那么这一小段代码,就是会显示出,三个值中最小的来。
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Right, so the things we want you to take away from this are, get into the habit of using pseudo code when you sit down to start a problem, write out what are the steps.
好，这儿我想大家明白的就是,养成解决问题时先写伪代码的好习惯,把步骤都写出来,我想要告诉你们的是一个好的程序员。
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But I want to stress again, as long as I do the base case right and my inductive or recursive step reduces it to a smaller version of the same problem, the code will in fact converge and give me out an answer.
就开心的去做吧,但是我想再次强调,只要基础事件处理正确而我的递归,或递推步骤能把它简化为更简单的同类问题,那么这段代码就可以收敛。
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Because there will not be time to look at that code for the first time during the quiz, and figure out what it's doing.
因为在考试中,是没有时间去第一次看代码，并弄懂它的意思的。
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Right, and just to get a sense of this, let's look at a simple little example, so on your hand-out, you'll see I've got a little piece of code that says assuming I've got one of these points, I want to do things with it, for example I might want to add them together.
这些数组中的一个，你怎么能够知道，它是哪种类型的呢？,你怎么知道它是以笛卡尔坐标,表示的还是以极坐标,形式表示的呢？,你没有可以用来区分的东西，你没有说明这种信息,聚集实际上的意义。
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Up on the screen, I've got-- I commented it out, but I've got a piece of code that you've seen before, right up here. OK?
我现在在大屏幕上标出来的,是你们以前看过的一段代码,就在这儿？
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This seems a little weird, but bear with me for second, in fact, I've given you a little piece a code to do it, which is the next piece of code on the hand out.
这看起来有点奇怪，但是先听我说，实际上我给了你们一段做这件事的代码，就是发给你们的纸张的下一段。
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OK, what I would like you to see is I've been printing out, as I went along, actually let's back up slightly and look at the code. There's merge sort.
好的，我想让你们看就是我运行过后,打印出来的结果，我们再回头看一下这段代码,这就是归并排序，输入一个列表。
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You need to, if you want something to be printed out inside your code, you need to tell the machine to do that.
你需要，如果你想要,在代码中显示一些东西的话，你需要告诉机器这么做。
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There is this include which allows me to include code, source code so to speak that other people wrote so I don't have to figure out for myself how to print things to the screen.
这个“include“可以让我加进一些代码来，比方说其他人写的源码,这样我就不用自己解决,如何在屏幕上输出了，别人已经为我解决这个问题。
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So don't underestimate the value for the next week or two of just inserting printf statements into your code temporarily just to print out what the value of some variable is, or some expression is, so that you can just do a sanity check.
所以不要低估下一两周的重要性,虽然我们只将“printf“语句暂时地植入到,我们的代码中，只是用来打印一些,变量或表达式的值，所以你们提醒一下自己。
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Remember last time, we wrote this simple piece of code to print out even or odd. If, you know, x, 1 it was in fact, even or odd. So let me show you what a flow chart for that would look like, because I want to make a comparison point here.
这就像这里有一些脚蹼一样,首先进行测试，然后把球这样放来让ANS加,然后回来继续测试，最终跳出循环然后打印答案。
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So in other words, if thankful is still false at this point, it means this condition did not work out very well, and so I'm going to do this block of code again.
换句话说，如果thankful在这时候还是false值，这表示这个条件没有实现地很好，所以我将再次去处理这段代码。
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OK.Let's look at the code-- actually, let's test this out first before we do it.
因此我已经添加了，就像Guttag教授做的那样-啊，应该这么说。
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Now, the one that we're most interested in ANS is the one where, in fact, it gets out ANS, so you see down here in the code, there's a spot where it's going to return the value of ANS, which is what we want, right? That's the thing that holds the value that we intended to have.
现在我们最感兴趣的是这个,事实上它返回的是，所以你看这段代码,在这里返回ANS值,也就是我们想要的,对吧？,它就承载了我们想得到的值。
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Remember last time, we wrote this simple piece of code to print out even or odd. If, you know, x, it was in fact, even or odd. So let me show you what a flow chart for that would look like, because I want to make a comparison point here.
记得上节课我们写过的,那个显示奇数还是偶数的程序么，如果，你知道，x，实际上是奇数还是偶数,那么让我来为大家画个这个程序的流程图吧，因为我这里想为大家做个比较。
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