Our genetics cannot change this quickly in order to explain the increase in incidence."

VOA: standard.2010.08.09

We need to add something else in order to explain what is going on in the Periodic Table.

我们需要引其他一些东西进来才能解释清楚,元素周期表中发生的这种现象。

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So let's ask ourselves, "Are there things that we need to appeal to the soul in order to explain these things about us?"

所以让我们扪心自问,有没有这样的现象,需要我们诉诸于灵魂,才能对其作出合理的解释

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In order to explain it-- I had to write down the binomial distribution to explain it properly.

要解释这一点,我要先在黑板上写一个二项分布,以便于解释清楚这个问题

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So, introduction, "in order to explain the results of experiments on scattering of alpha rays by matter, Professor Rutherford," and there is a footnote to the Rutherford model.

嗯，绪论，为了解释实验的结果,关于物质的alpha散射，卢瑟福说“,这儿有一个卢瑟福模型的脚注。

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Even though they're ordinary and familiar, it still could turn out that we need to appeal to souls in order to explain them.

虽然我们对其早已司空见惯,但还是需要,诉诸灵魂来解释它们

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So maybe that's why we need to believe in souls in order to explain free will.

或许我们需要相信灵魂的理由就是,为了便于解释自由意志

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Maybe we need to appeal to the soul in order to explain what animates the body.

也许我们需要诉诸灵魂,来解释,什么赋予肉体以生命

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Maybe we need to posit the soul in order to explain ESP; maybe we need to posit the soul in order to explain near-death experiences.

或许我们需要假设灵魂存在以探讨第六感,或许我们需要假设灵魂存在,来解释濒死体验

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First argument, you need the soul in order to explain the animation of the body.

第一个论点,你需要借助灵魂来解释肉体的生命力

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So if the argument's going to be, "We need to posit the existence of a soul in order to explain creativity," Again, that just seems wrong.

所以如果这个论证要说,我们必须假定灵魂的存在,才能解释创造力,再一次,这看起来是错误的

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The claim was,you needed to believe in souls in order to explain all that.

这种说法就是，要相信灵魂的存在才能解释那一切。

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Suppose we say, "You need to appeal to the soul in order to explain not just that the body moves around, flails, but the body acts purposefully."

比如说,你需要诉诸灵魂以解释,肉体不仅能够活动,无意识地手舞足蹈,还能有目的性地运动

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Maybe we need to posit the soul in order to explain ghosts.

或许我们需要假设灵魂存在以解释鬼魂

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According to the soul-theory argument for soul, rather,according to the argument for souls, you needed to believe in souls in order to explain how you could have a person.

根据灵魂理论的说法，或宁可说是灵魂作用的说法，人需要相信灵魂的存在才能解释作为人的存在。

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One group of arguments for the existence of a soul says, "We need to posit a soul in order to explain something, whether it's something everyday or something supernatural."

主张灵魂存在的一方声称,我们必须假设灵魂存在,才能解释一些,司空见惯或是超自然的现象

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And it's because of that that I think we shouldn't be dismissive of the dualist when the dualist says, "We've got to believe in souls in order to explain it."

正因如此,我认为我们不应该轻视二元论者,当他们说,我们只有相信灵魂才能解释这些

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You need the soul in order to explain free will.

那就是我们需要灵魂来解释自由意志

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If that's right, if that's the right thing to say, then what we have to say is, "We don't need to appeal to souls in order to explain emotions and feelings.

如果这是正确的,如果这种说法正确,那么,我们不得不说,我们不需要诉诸灵魂来,解释情感和感觉

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The physicalist says we don't need to appeal to anything as extravagant as a soul in order to explain the fact that bodies don't just move randomly, but they move in purposeful ways that are controlled.

物理主义认为,我们并不需要诉诸任何,像灵魂那样夸张的东西来解释,为什么肉体不会随机乱动,而是在控制下进行的有目的的活动

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one important argument was,or really family of arguments was, you need to believe in souls in order to explain why bodies are animated, why people are rational,how they can have personalities, how they can be creative,and so forth.

一个或一系列很重要的说法就是，要相信灵魂的存在才能解释身体的活动，为什么人会有理性和人格，为什么有创造力，诸如此类。

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I've gone through a series of such arguments, and the one that we ended with last time was the suggestion that we need to believe in the existence of a soul in order to explain the fact that we've got free will.

我已经讲过一系列这样的论证,上次课结束时我提到的一个论证认为,我们只有相信灵魂存在,才能解释我们拥有自由意志这一事实

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So unlike those modern dualists who think we need to appeal to something immaterial in order to explain bodily sensations, Socrates thinks no, no, the body takes care of all the bodily sensations, all the desirings and the wantings and the emotions and the feelings and the cravings.

而现代的二元论者,认为需要用非物质的东西,来解释肉体上的感觉,但苏格拉底不这么想,他认为肉体负责所有的肉体上的感觉,所有的欲望,需求,感情,感觉和渴望

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In order to explain life, we have to appeal to something more than just atoms.

要解释生命,我们必须诉诸原子以外的其他东西

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Suppose somebody says, "Look, it's true that we don't need to appeal to souls in order to explain why bodies move around in a nonrandom fashion.

假如有人说,听着,我承认我们不需要诉诸,灵魂来解释,为何肉体能以非随机的形式移动

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My point here was only to say we shouldn't be so quick to think that we have to believe in the existence of a soul in order to explain our having free will.

我的观点不过就是说我们不应该这么草率地,认为我们不得不相信,灵魂的存在,从而解释我们有自由意志

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In order to explain consciousness and self-awareness.

这样才能解释良心和自我意识的存在。

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What about the fact that-- We said there's a family of arguments, all of which have the general structure, inference to the best explanation, you need souls in order to explain feature F. Plug in a different feature F and you get a new argument.

这个事实怎么样,我们说过有一大类观点,它们有一些共同的结构,有关于这个最佳解释的推论,需要用灵魂的概念,来解释功能特征F,代入一个不同的,功能特征就会得到一个新的论点

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We started with the idea you needed to appeal to souls in order to roughly explain why human bodies move, why we're animated or why we move in nonrandom ways.

一开始,我们诉诸于灵魂这样一个概念,是为了解释,为何人类的肉体能移动,为何我们有生命力,为何我们能够非随机性的运动

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