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So, if we hybridize just these three orbitals, what we're going to end up with is our s p 2 hybrid orbitals.
我们会看到现在有3个未配对的电子，可以成键。
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And what I want to point out here is this angular dependence for the p orbitals for the l equals 1 orbital.
这里我要指出的是,ｌ等于１的ｐ轨道随角度的变化。
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And the technique is called, watch because this is a six-letter initialization, linear combination of atomic orbitals LCAO-MO into molecular orbital, LCAO-MO.
这项技术是，一个6字母初始设定，原子轨道的线性叠加,成分子轨道。
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So that means that if we have three orbitals, we can only have six electrons in those complete three orbitals.
所以那意味着如果我们有3个轨道，我们有且只能有6个电子,在这3个完整的轨道。
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So when we talk about orbitals in multi-electron atoms, they're actually lower in energy than the corresponding h atom orbitals.
它们的能量实际上,比对应的氢,原子轨道要低。
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So any time in a molecular orbital diagram you draw in orbitals, you need to draw the corresponding molecular orbitals.
任何时候你在分子轨道图里画轨道，你都要画出相对应的分子轨道。
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Just like we see destructive interference with water waves or with light waves, we can also see destructive interference with orbitals.
就像我们看到水波,和光波的相消干涉，我们也可以看到轨道的相消干涉。
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So we can think about now doing bonding, and now we have four equal orbitals with one electronic each.
我们现在可以考虑成键了，现在我们有4个等价的轨道，每个上面有1个电子。
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Each of these orbitals can have two electrons in them, so we get two electrons here, here, and here.
在每个轨道里面都有两个电子,所以我们有两个电子在这里，这里这里。
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Sometimes you see this written when you see p orbitals, one is written as plus, one is written in minus.
有时候你们看ｐ轨道时会看到，一个写成正号一个写成负号。
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And because of the way those antibonding orbitals are stacked, the two electrons go one each into those antibonding.
因为这样,反键轨道被堆积了，这两个电子都填到各自的反键轨道。
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So, doing those probability density dot graphs, we can get an idea of the shape of those orbitals, we know that they're spherically symmetrical.
概率密度点图上,我们可以对这些轨道的形状，有个大概了解,我们知道它们是球，对称的,我们今天不讲。
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So again you can see as we're filling up our molecular orbitals, we're using the exact same principle we used to fill up atomic orbitals.
当我们填充轨道的时候可以看到，我们用的是和,填充原子轨道一样的原则。
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One of the main difference is is that when you're talking about multi-electron orbitals, they're actually smaller than the corresponding orbital for the hydrogen atom.
其中最主要的区别之一,是当你讨论多电子轨道时,它们实际上，要比对应的氢原子轨道,要小一些。
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And these shapes of p orbitals probably do look familiar to you, most of you, I'm sure, have seen some sort of picture of p orbitals before.
这些ｐ轨道的形状你们可以能已经很熟悉了，我相信大部分人，都看过ｐ轨道的图片。
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There's absolutely no reason I couldn't have switched it around and said that instead the pi orbitals form between these atoms instead of those first atoms I showed.
我完全没有理由,不能把它转过来,现在π键在这些原子间,而不是我开始展示的那些原子间。
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So, we'll start by taking a look at constructive interference, and another way to explain this is just to say again, molecular orbitals are a linear combination of atomic orbitals.
我们先来看一看相长干涉，另外一个解释它的方法就是说，分子轨道是原子轨道的组合。
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What if I were able to mix the orbitals?
他说如果将这些轨道混在一起会怎么样呢？
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So we can go ahead and name our molecular orbital, just like we know how to name our atomic orbitals.
我们可以继续命名分子轨道，就想我们知道如何命名原子轨道一样。
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And what you find is when you have a bonding orbital, the energy decreases compared to the atomic orbitals.
你们发现当你有个成键轨道的时候，相比原子轨道能量要降低。
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So, we'll start today talking about the two kinds of molecular orbitals, we can talk about bonding or anti-bonding orbitals.
今天我们先来,讨论两种分子轨道，我们要讨论成键和反键轨道。
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So specifically, what we do associate them instead is within molecular orbitals, and what we say is that they can be either in bonding or anti-bonding orbitals.
特别的，我们把它们和,分子轨道相联系起来，我们说它们可以成为,成键轨道或者反键轨道。
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And the third fact that we need to keep in mind is that spins remain parallel prior to adding a second electron in any of the orbitals.
第三个事实是我们需要记住在,每个轨道加入第二个电子之前,自旋保持平行。
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So we have a total of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 valence electrons, so I'll make sure I count to 10 as we fill up our molecular orbitals here.
我们一共有2，4，6，8，10个价电子，所以我一边填一边要确认,我数到10。
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That happens because of space issues that you were asked to do that, because you can always assume that all of the core orbitals are already going to be filled.
这是出于空间的考虑,要求你这么做是因为，你总是可以假定所有的,芯电子轨道都已经填满了。
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So, we're talking about wave functions and we know that means orbitals, but this is -- probably the better way to think about is the physical interpretation of the wave function.
我们讨论波函数而且,我们知道它代表着轨道，但-也许更好的思考方法是,考虑波函数的物理意义。
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What is the filling sequence of electrons in orbitals?
什么是电子在轨道上的排布顺序呢？
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It's 109 . 5 is what we would expect for methane because it's tetravalent, but here we're just seeing something that's divalent, and they're both in p orbitals that are perpendicular to each other.
因为甲烷是四价的，我们预测是109。,但这里我们，看到的是二价的，它们都在。
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All right. So let's look at some of these wave functions and make sure that we know how to name all of them in terms of orbitals and not just in terms of their numbers.
好，让我们来看一下,这些波函数,并确定我们都知道,怎么用轨道,而不仅是量子数来命名它们,一旦我们可以命名它们。
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When we talk about p orbitals the phase of the orbital becomes important once we talk about bonding, which hopefully you were happy to hear at the beginning of class we will get to soon.
对于ｐ轨道,当我们讨论到成键时，轨道的相位就变得非常重要了,这个我们马上就要讲到了。
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