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VOA: standard.2010.02.20

I also want to assume for our present purposes that there's only pressure volume work going on, which is to say I want to put pdV p dV in here minus p dV for dw.

同时假定,对于我们目前的目的而言，只有压强做功这就是说,我要把这里的dw替换为负。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

What is this orbital? Yup. And there's only 2pz one correct answer here, which is to 2 p z.

它的轨道是什么？，嗯，这里,只有一个答案，那就是。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Well, the initially tempting thing to say is not only aren't you broken, but you're actually engaged in P-functioning.

首先要说的会是,不仅你没有被破坏，还有确实,拥有人格功能性。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

And the useful outcome of all that is that p we get to see how entropy changes with one of those variables in terms of only V, T, and p, which come out of some equation of state.

这样做的重要结果是,我们得到了熵随着V，T或者,其中一个变量变化的情况，这些可以从状态方程得到。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So I'll be producing this stuff, this water at cost c and only getting p, which is not only less than c in return.

这就导致成本是c的瓶装水只能卖到p,这个价格都不能捞回本钱呢

耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

So it turns out that during that period in which they were dead, they were only temporarily not P-functioning.

那么在他们死去的那段时间，他们只是暂时没有人格功能性。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

They were only temporarily not P-functioning, just like we are temporarily not P-functioning when we're asleep.

只是暂时失去了人格功能性，就像我们睡觉时,暂时没有人格功能性一样。

耶鲁公开课 - 死亡课程节选

So if we compare l increasing here, so a 3 s to a 3 p to a 3 d, what we find is that it's only in the s orbital that we have a significant probability of actually getting very close to the nucleus.

我们比较当ｌ变大的时候，从３ｓ到３ｐ到３ｄ,我们可以发现只有ｓ轨道,有很大的概率,非常接近原子核。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Adiabatic q equal to zero. It's also delta H 0 which is zero. The two didn't necessarily follow because remember, delta H is dq so p is only true for a reversible constant pressure process.

在这个过程中ΔH等于,绝热的所以q等于0，而ΔH也等于,这两个也不一定有因果关系,因为，记住，ΔH等于dq只有在恒压。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

So if we don't have to hybridize one of the p orbitals, we can actually end up with a lower energy situation, because now these s p 2 orbitals are 1/3 s character, and only 2/3 p character, instead of 3/4.

我们的杂化轨道就有更多的p轨道成分，所以它们的能量更高，如果我们不杂化这个p轨道，我们可以得到一个能量更低的情况。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

All right, so that's s p 3 hybridization, but those aren't the only type of hybrid orbitals that we can form. Let's take a look at what happens if instead of combining all four orbitals, we just combine three of those orbitals, and what we'll end up with is s p 2 hybridization.

好了，这是sp3杂化，但这并不是我们可以,形成的唯一类型的杂化轨道,让我们来看看，不是四个轨道结合，我们仅仅结合3个轨道。

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选

Only V, p and T appear.

只有体积V，压强p和温度T出现。

麻省理工公开课 - 热力学与动力学课程节选

All right, so one thing that I want to point out, which I said many, many times on Friday, and this is perhaps the last time I'll say it, but one last time is we can think about why we only see a line for the 2 p orbital, versus we don't see separate lines for a 2 p x, a 2 p y, and a 2 p z.

好的，我还要指出一个问题，这个问题我在上周五已经说了很多很多次了，这可能是我最后一次提到它，但是这最后一次让我们来考虑一下,为什么我们只看到了一条，对应于，2，p，轨道的线,而不是分别对应于，2，p，x，2，p，y，2，p，z，的线？

麻省理工公开课 - 化学原理课程节选