I am going to highlight this by calling this q1, lower case q being the charge here on the nucleus.

我要把它称作q1来进行强调，小写q是指原子核上的电量。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

And lower case q sub 2 is the charge on the electron.

小写q加个下标2是指电子所带电量。

麻省理工公开课 - 固态化学导论课程节选

Or I could have a non-adiabatic, I could take the same temperature change, by taking a flame, or a heat source and heating up my substance. So, clearly q is going to depend on the path.

也能改变温度，绝热指的是没有热传递，在非绝热条件下，也同样可以升温,比如用火或者热源加热，这样，q也应当与路径有关。

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