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And, of course, there's this-- another acoustical phenomenon here we've talked about before, what's the relationship within an octave?
当然,就是这个,我们以前谈论过的,另一种声学现象,八度的内部联系是什么呢
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We said there are seven notes in each of these two scales, twelve pitches all together within the octave.
我们说在这两个音阶中都有七个音符,一个八度包含十二个音高
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Potassium lies one octave from sodium.
钾与钠隔着一个八度。
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Well, the piano is just playing chords, playing them in octave successions, and we'll talk about that a little bit more too.
钢琴弹奏了和弦,一连串的八度音,这部分,我们今后也会继续探讨
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Okay, so we have-- there's a whole idea of octave duplication— sometimes six notes, sometimes five notes.
现在我们了解到,一整套的重复八度,有时是六音符,有时是五音符
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But how they divide up this sonic space within the octave can vary rather considerably.
但他们在八度内划分声音间距的方法,却是极为不同的
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But eventually, they began to uniformly adopt this system of what's called "Octave duplication."
但是最终,人们开始广泛接受这个体系,它被称作"重复八度"
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Some Arabic music seems to have as many as fourteen gradations within the octave.
一些阿拉伯音乐似乎在,一个八度内含有多达十四个层级
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That's a fourth but it happens to produce an octave against that.
这个是四度,但它碰巧产生一个八度音阶,与另一个形成对比
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Yeah, they had this thing-- they hit this thing called the octave.
是的,他们有这个,他们碰到了这个叫做八度的东西
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So we're going to listen now to the end of Strauss's Death and Transfiguration, and again we've got the idea of the octave, then the fifth, then the fourth.
我们下面会,听施特劳斯的死亡与净化直至结束,我们再次了解了八度音阶,然后是第五音阶,第四音阶
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Timpani or as it's sometimes called a kettledrum, and it was playing two different pitches, actually sort of playing this pitch and this pitch, the octave and then the fifth.
定音鼓,或者有时称作半球形铜鼓,它正演奏两个不同的音高,实际上在演奏这个音高和另外一个音高,八度音阶和这个五度
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So, they had the ratio of two to one, which gave them the octave, and three to two, which gave them the fifth, and four to three, which gave them the fourth.
他们发现,八度音程中,呈现的是二比一的比例,而五度音程中呈现三比二的比例,在四度音程中则呈现四比三的比例
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It's got only six notes within the octave.
一个八度里只有六个音符
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Five notes within the octave just there.
八度里只有五个音符
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The gentlemen are singing in one octave.
男士用一个八度唱
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This is called an octave.
这叫做八度音阶
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And every musical culture around the world-- and I've talked with ethnomusicologists about this particular point-- every musical culture around the world, Chinese, Japanese, Indonesian, Indian, African whatever, they all use this phenomenon of octave duplication in their music-- octave duplication in the music.
世界各地的每一种音乐文化,我曾经和一些民族音乐学家谈论过这一点,世界各地的每一种音乐文化,中国的,日本的,印尼的,印度的,或是非洲的,大家都有这种现象,即在自己的音乐里运用,这种重复八度
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French horn, yeah,but notice that if we take this aggregate-- and we're back to that same idea of the octave,the fifth,the fourth and the third, sort of,so it's again sort of primordial, this particular acoustical basis of so much of music.
法国号，对，但是注意，从总体的角度来看-,我们又回到了八度的概念，第五，第四，第三，大概是这样，所以这依然是是很基础的形式，许许多多音乐都是以这一种形式为声学基础的。
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So, we end up here within an octave-- we end up with twelve equal pitches, but we still use this term a 'seven-note scale' because we have seven notes within the scale of the major scale and seven notes within the scale of the minor scale.
因此,我们在一个八度内,最终得到等量划分的十二个音高,但是我们始终称之为"七音音阶",因为在大调音阶上有七个音符,在小调音阶上也有七个
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What we've done is taken this pitch and played it all the way down an octave below it so we're actually getting back to this configuration of the pitch right next to it, and we could--then of course we could go down one more step and we would get the octave, which is a duplication of two-to-one.
我们所做的是固定一个音高，向下一路弹奏一个八度,所以事实上我们又回到了与这个固定音高相邻的音上，我们当然也可以向下再弹一组，然后得到这个八度，这其实就是两个八度对一个八度的重复。
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They filled in the octave up above and then they filled in the fifth and then they filled in the fourth and then they came down a whole step and then they went up a fourth from that whole step and then up a fourth from that, and they were filling in in this fashion.
他们填写了八度音程,然后填写了五度音程,又填写了四度音程,然后下降一个全音级,又从那个全音级上升四度音程,然后再上升四度音程,他们就是照这样填写
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Here is the pitch in--of--a string an octave higher so you can see it this way. As you probably know, if you take a long string and pluck it, it's going to take that long string a long time to pass that sort of cycle, if you will, just one pass through that cycle.
这也是个音高,一个高八度的音弦,你可以这样这样看 你们可能知道,如果你拨动长弦,长弦要经过很长时间,才能完成一个震动周期,如果你想,可以尝试下
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We're singing below middle C and the ladies are singing up an octave but that's still monophonic texture-- those notes have the same names.
我们唱得比中央c低,而女士们高了一个八度,但这还是单音织体,这些音的音名是一样的
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And then at the end of the process I have another whole step from B-flat back to C, and that gets me back to my octave in that fashion.
最后一步,从降B回到C是一个全音级,然后完成了整个八度
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I--We were going D G B G B so as long as the notes have the same names or it sounds the same, even though there may be octave doubling in there we still think of that as monophonic texture.
我,我们只要,D G B G B,只要各个音的音名一样或听起来一样,尽管其中有双八度音,我们仍把它作为做单音织体
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