No,according to the personality theory, what personal identity requires isn't item-for-item the same personality, but rather the same evolving personality.

不，根据人格理论，个人认同感并不需要一个完全相同的人格，而是同样在进化的人格。

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Now,that thing that wakes up after this complete irreversible amnesia will no doubt eventually develop a personality,a set of beliefs,memories.

这人在经历了完全不可逆的失忆后醒来,最终发展出了自己的人格，信念和记忆。

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So, for instance, there's no evidence that oral and anal characteristics, the personality characteristics I talked about about being needy versus being stingy relate in any interesting way to weaning or toilet training.

比如，并没有证据表明,我们之前所讲到的，粘人的口腔期人格特征,和吝啬的肛门期人格特征,与断奶或是如厕训练之间,存在任何关系。

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But it's certainly open to you to decide that you think no,no, the personality theory is the stronger view.

但你自己的信仰可以自己决定，你可以决定人格理论更有道理。

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So--does the personality theory has to say Ohoo, different personality, that kid no longer ? exists, that person died.

所以，根据人格论,我们难道说，人格不同了，那个孩子,不存在了，那个人死了。

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So we revise the personality theory to say, the secret to personal identity is having the same personality-- provided that there's no branching.

所以我们对人格理论稍作修改，提出人格理论的秘诀在于-,给人格提供无分支的前提。

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So let's try to choose between the personality theory with the no branching rule and the body theory with the no branching rule.

让我们从带有无分支规则的人格理论,和带有无分支规则的肉体理论选一个。

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No karmic similarities of personality or anything, just starts over like a blank slate.

没有人格或者任何什么的因果和相似，只是完全重新开始。

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The problem with--what drove the personality theory into the no branching rule, implausible as it may be,was the fact that your personality is like software,and it can be copied.

看似不可能，但将人格理论，拖入无分支规则的问题就是,人格可被拷贝这个事实。

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Shelly Kagan Since there's no competitor,and I've got the personality,I'm Shelly Kagan.

既然没有竞争对手，我具有正确人格，我就是。

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It says,same personality's good enough,as long as there's no branching.

它说有相同的人格就足够了，只要不存在分支。

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So where the original personality theory said,same personality, that's good enough for being the same person, the new version throws in a no-competitors clause, throws in a no branching clause.

所以原人格理论说，相同人格，足以使之成为相同的人，新版人格理论添加了一个无竞争者条件，添加了一个无分支条件。

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It's no comfort to me to be told I will survive,because after all, the soul is the key to personal identity,if there's no similar personality, no memories,no beliefs,no retrievable memories of past lives.

能这样存活下去对我来说毫无安慰，因为说到底，灵魂是个人认同感的关键，而如果没有与前世相似的人格，记忆和信仰。

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There was certainly a long period of time in which I found the personality theory, that is,the personality theory with a no branching rule, to be the better and more plausible theory.

有一段时间内，我觉得无分支理论下的，人格理论，是更好更合理的理论。

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No problem here for the personality theory.

到这里为止，人格理论都没有问题。

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Similarly,had we had somebody with Napoleon's personality in New York and nobody with the personality in Michigan, that guy would have been Napoleon, because we would have had the same personality with no branching,with no competitor.

同样地，假如在纽约出现拥有拿破仑人格的人,而在密西根没有出现，那么前者将是拿破仑，因为在相同的人格下，不存在分支和竞争者。

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No chance of recalling your previous,current,personality.

无法寻回先前的任何人格。

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So--you might think " "Oh, no, the physicalist is wrong," when the physicalist says that personality memory, belief, consciousness, what have you is housed or based in the body is based in an immaterial soul.

你也许会想,“不，这个物理主义学者说错了“,当他说,个人的记忆，信仰，意识，等等都储存在肉体里,也储存在非物质的灵魂里。

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If the personality theory needs the no branching rule, and the body theory needs the no branching rule, and the soul theory needs the no branching rule, maybe we're just stuck with the no branching rule, whether or not we like it.

如果人格理论需要无分支规则，肉体理论也需要无分支规则，灵魂理论同样需要无分支规则，无论喜欢与否，也许我们就是卡在无分支规则上了。

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The body theorist should say, The key to personal identity is having the same body, to wit,the same brain,to wit,enough of the brain to keep the personality going-- provided that there's no branching,no splitting,no perfect competitors,only one.

肉体主义者能说，个人认同感的关键就是拥有肉体，也就是说拥有足够支持人格继续的大脑-,在没有分支，分裂以及竞争者的前提下。

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But in the case where we've got branching, where we've got somebody with Napoleon's personality both in Michigan and New York, that violates the no branching rule, and we just have to say nobody's Napoleon in that case.

但在有分歧的案例中，在密西根和纽约都出现了拥有拿破仑人格的人，那违背了无分支规则，那样我们就说，他们都不是拿破仑。

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There's no underlying David Smith personality still there, to have the counterexample or the example that we're after.

那里面没有潜在的David，Smith人格，来成为人格理论的反例或我们在寻找的例子。

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Well,no clear reason to say-- for the personality theory to say-- that he's Shelly Kagan and I'm not.

从人格理论的角度来看-,没有明确的理由说-,他就是Shelly，Kagan而我不是。

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But equally true,and more surprisingly, from the personality theory point of view, there's no reason to say that I'm Shelly Kagan and he's not.

但同样真实，并更让人惊讶的是，从人格理论的角度来看，也没理由说我是Shelly，Kagan而他不是。

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So although the personality with no branching rule avoids the problem of what to say about duplicates, by saying when there's branching,neither of them is Shelly Kagan, the branching rule itself seems very counter-intuitive.

所以纵然带有无分支规定的人格理论,避开了关于复制的问题，说当出现分支时，Shelly，Kagan就不复存在了，这个无分支规定本身就很反直觉。

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